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1、Unit 1 Great Scientists learning about language课时作业一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A new study has found the amount of antibiotics(抗生素)given to farm animals is expected to increase by twothirds over the next 15 years.Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increa
2、sing need for meat，milk and eggs.However，the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticresistant infections(感染)Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States.The World Health Organization(WHO)notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困)，the first thing they wan
3、t to do is eat better，rather than earn more money.For most people，that means their diet should contain more meat.With the rapid development of Asia，people there are eating nearly four times as much meat，milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.To meet the need，farmers have put many anim
4、als into smaller spaces.As the animals are crowded together，the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics.Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs graduall
5、y.Nowadays，doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work.The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs.The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide.Each year in the United States，at least t
6、wo million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.1What accounts for the increasing amoun
7、t of antibiotics given to farm animals?AThe desire for new drugs.BThe less effective antibiotics.CThe outdated farm technology.DThe need for more various foods.2What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO?AMaking a lot of money.BFocusing more on health.CHav
8、ing more meat in their diet.DLiving in a better environment.3What can be inferred from the passage?AAntibiotics do harm to animals.BAntibiotics help animals stay healthy.CAntibiotics are used heavily in Europe.DAntibioticresistant bacteria spread to people.4Whats the passage mainly about?AThe negati
9、ve effect of antibiotics on farm animals.BThe advantages of using antibiotics.CThe reason for banning the use of antibiotics.DA new way of raising farm animals.【解题导语】本文主要围绕在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响展开。【难句分析】The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困)，the first thing they w
10、ant to do is eat better, rather than earn more money.分析：本句为复合句。notes后接省略了连接词that的宾语从句；该宾语从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句when people stop living in poverty；they want to do 为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰the first thing; rather than连接的并列结构在宾语从句中作表语。译文：世界卫生组织指出，当人们摆脱贫穷之后，他们想做的第一件事情就是吃得好点，而不是挣更多的钱。1D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Researchers a
11、re linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat，milk and eggs”可知，研究人员认为用于农场动物身上的抗生素的数量增加与人们对各种不同的食物的需求增加有关，故选D项。2C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The World Health Organization (WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than e
12、arn more money.For most people，that means their diet should contain more meat”可知，C项正确。3D考查推理判断。结合第四段中的“Each year in the United States，at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections”可推知，抗生素耐药细菌传播到了人身上，故选D。由第三段中的“Its clear that antibiotics
13、help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster”可知，A项表述有误，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth”可知C项表述错误，可排除；B项最具干扰性，因为B项本身是正确的，但是B项是文中的明确信息，不需要推断得出，而题干所要求的选项需要经过推理判断得来，所以B项不符合题意。诸如B项这类本身正确，但不满足题干要求的选项是考生做题时需要特别留意的。4A考查主旨大意。结合文章内容可以看出，本文主要说的
14、是在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响，故选A项。二、单句语法填空1(2019天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _(allow) more patients to be treated.答案：allowing句意：医院最近获得了新医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗成为可能。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语。2The last one _(arrive) pays the meal.Agree!答案：to arrive代词one前有the last，所以用不定式作后置定语。3Look, dark clouds
15、are gathering in the sky; it is likely _(rain) later on.答案：to rainbe likely to do sth. “很可能做某事”。4There has been a close _(associate) between these two companies.答案：association由设空前的“a close”可知，应填名词形式association，意为“联系”。5The female hormones help the body defend itself _some kinds of infections.答案：against/from句意：这些雌激素帮助身体抵御某些类型的感染。defend . against/from “保护免受”。6Ones _(face) expressions may tell you some of his/her inner feelings.答案：facialfacial expressions “面部表情”。7Im curious _(know) what has happened to him.答案：to knowbe curious to do sth. “很想做某事”。8They claimed that they _(rep
