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1、 Book6 Unit3 period 4 Grammar一、 学习目标 It做形式主语和形式宾语的规则二、 学法指导 阅读课本21页的内容，自主完成导学案的内容，难点部分小组讨论。三、知识链接 1. it 作人称代词(1). it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复。 Xian isabeautifulcity, isntit? (2). 也可以指动物或婴儿 Is this your dog？No, it isnt. 2. it作非人称代词(1).it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等， 称为非人称的it：指天气：It is a lo
2、vely day, isntit? It is a bit windy. 指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.指环境: It was very quiet inthecaf. 指距离：It is half an hourswalkto the city centre from my home.指日期： - Whats the date today? - Its May 1, 2007.指季节：It is summer now.指度量：It is about 5 kilograms.指价值：- Whats the cost of the
3、T-shirt? - It is 150 yuan. 3. it用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。A. 代作动词不定式主语(1) It be + adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth.此处的adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，impolite
4、，ill-mannered，polite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper, useful，useless, dangerousIt is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be + adj. + of sb. to do sth.此处的adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind， unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，
5、stupid，clever，wise，crazy.Its kind of you to help me with the problem.(3) it替代动名词作主语的常见句型Its no good/use doingIts（well）worthwhile doing/ to doIts no use crying over spilt milk.B. it作形式主语, 替代主语从句(1)It is + adj. +clause It is clear/obvious/true/possible/certain that . 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译
6、为“是清楚的/显然的/ 真的/”, 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如： It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. (2) It is v-ed that It is said /reported/ learned/believed /thought /known/told/hoped . that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that an
7、other earth satellite has been put into orbit.(3) It is + n. +从句 It is a pity /a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！I
8、t is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！It is time (about time，high time)that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should动词原形，should不能省，常译为“是(正是)的时候了”。 It is time that children should go to bed. It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。 It is the first(second.)time that.该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气
9、，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为“是第一(二)次做”It is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次到这里来。4. it作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句时，往往把宾语放在补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。 I
10、think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和他争吵没有用。 I found it very interesting to study English. 我发现学英语非常有趣。He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。5. it常用的固定搭配1.make it (1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示“成功,做到,说定,赶上,及时到达”。Its hard to make it to the top in show business. 想在演艺圈出
11、人头地并非易事。(2)在口语中相当于“fix the date for”,表示“约定好时间”。Shall we meet next week?我们下周见面好吗? OK.We just make it next Saturday. 好的。我们定在下周六吧。2.Take it/things easy. 相当于“Dont worry.”或“Dont hurry.”。用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,沉住气”。Take it easy! He will do it well.别担心!他会做好的。3.It (all) depends./That depends. 在口语中,相当于“It hasnt b
12、een decided yet.”,表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”。Are you going to the countryside for holiday? 你要去乡下度假吗? It/That depends.还没定下来呢。4.Its up to sb. 在口语中,相当于“Its decided by sb.”,表示“由决定,由负责,取决于”。Shall we go out for dinner?我们出去吃晚饭吗? Its up to you.你决定吧。 5.It remains to be done+从句(真正的主语)有待于 It doesnt matter+从句(真正的主语)(没)有关
13、系 6.It hits/strikes/occurs to sb.+从句(真正的主语)某人突然想起 7.动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike后面接if或when引导的从句时,中间需用it,构成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike+it+if/when从句” 8.动词短语rely/depend on/upon依靠；see to负责、确保；answer for负担、担保；ask for请求后跟that引导的从句作宾语时,中间需用形式宾语it,构成“动词短语+it+that从句结构” 9.用于动词+it+介词短语+that从句结构中:
14、 take it for granted that认为理所当然 owe it to sb.that把归功于某人 leave it to sb. that把留给某人 keep it in mind that把 归纳拓展 强调结构句式： (1)基本结构：Itbe被强调部分that(指人时可以用who代替)从句 (2)一般疑问句：Is/Wasit被强调部分that/who.从句 (3)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who.从句 (4)not.until.的强调句式：Itbenot until.that.从句 即学即练 单句语法填空。 _ is only when we get ill that we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy. How was _ that you managed to get out of the bus on fire? 单句改错。 When is it we will have a meeting? 代词it, one that的区别one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it与所指名词为同一个。 Icantfindmy
