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1、Lesson 1 Mechanical Properties of Metals1) Stress and strain 应力和应变3) Strength and ductility of materials 拉伸试验。 4) Shaft design 轴的设计。 5) Spur gears 直齿圆柱轮。 6) Cams 凸轮。 7) The layout and main parts of automobile 汽车的布局和主要元件。 8) Sand casting 砂型铸造。 9) Forging 锻造。10) Die casting 11) Cutting tool 金属切削刀具。 12
2、) Lathes 车床。 13) Milling 铣床。Strength (noun): 强度 Hardness (noun):硬度 Elasticity (noun): 弹性Ductility (noun): 延展性 To mold: 成型Deep drawing：深拉制法 autobody 车身 , Fender：挡泥板Toughness (noun): 韧度,刚度 tensile strength (noun): 抗拉强度(拉伸强度)compressive strength (noun):抗压强度(压缩强度) bending strength (noun): 抗弯强度torsional
3、strength (noun):扭转强度 shear strength:剪切强度resistance to shear 抗剪能力。 fatigue strength (noun):疲劳强度resistance to fatigue 抗疲劳能力。 brittle materials:脆性材料cast iron: 铸铁 Deflect (verb):挠曲, 偏斜 to bend Member (noun):构件 Withstand: 抵抗 The job：零件，加工件Shop：车间 商店 workshop ：车间 The work：工件、工作 Fatigue strength 疲劳强度Mechan
4、ical properties are the characteristic responses of a material to applied forces. 金属的机械性能是金属受到外力作用时所表现出来的特征。These properties fall into five broad categories: strength, hardness, elasticity, ductility, and toughness.这些性能主要分为五类：强度，硬度，弹性，塑性，韧性Strength is the ability of a metal to resist applied forces.
5、 强度是金属承受外加力的能力。 Strength properties are commonly referred to as tensile strength，bending strength，compressive strength，torsional strength，shear strength and fatigue strength强度通常指抗拉强度(拉伸强度)、抗弯强度、抗压强度(压缩强度)、扭转强度、剪切强度和疲劳强度。Tensile strengths that property which resists forces acting to pull the metal ap
6、artIt is one of the more important factors in the evaluation of a metal抗拉强度是金属抵抗外力把它拉断的能力。它是评价金属性能的比较重要的因素之一。Compressive strength is the ability of a material to resist being crushed抗压强度是金属抵抗外力把它压碎的能力。 Compression is the opposite of tension with respect to the direction of the applied load压缩时载荷的方向与拉
7、伸时的方向相反。Most metals have high tensile strength and high compressive strengthHowever，brittle materials such as cast iron have high compressive strength but only a moderate tensile strength. 大多数金属都具有较高的抗拉强度与抗压强度，然而，像铸铁那样的脆性材料抗压强度较高，抗拉强度却只有中等水平。 Bending strength is that quality which resists forces fro
8、m causing a member to bend or deflect in the direction in which the load is applied弯曲强度是抵抗外力引起构件沿载荷作用方向弯曲或挠曲的性能。 Actually a bending stress is a combination of tensile and compressive stresses实际上，弯曲应力是拉伸应力和压缩应力的组合 Torsional strength is the ability of a metal to withstand forces that cause a member to
9、 twist扭转强度是金属承受外力造成构件扭转的能力。Shear strength refers to how well a member can withstand two equal forces acting in opposite directions剪切强度指的是构件在两个大小相等方向相反的力的作用下它的承受能力。Fatigue strength is the property of a material to resist various kinds of rapidly alternating stresses疲劳强度是材料抵抗各种迅速交变的应力的性能。Bending a pie
10、ce of wire back and forth until it breaks is another example of fatigue strength把一段金属丝来回弯曲直至断裂是疲劳强度的另一个实例。Hardness is that property in steel which resists indentation or penetration对钢而言，硬度是抵抗压痕或穿透的能力。Elasticity is the ability to spring back to original shape弹性是材料回弹至原来形状的能力。 Auto bumpers and all spri
11、ngs should have this quality汽车的缓冲器和各种弹簧都应具有这种性质。Ductility is the ability to undergo permanent changes of shape without rupturing塑性是经受永久变形而不断裂的能力。Modern，deep formed auto bodies and fenders， and other stamped and formed products must have this property现代的深拉成形的汽车车身和挡板以及其他冲压和成形的产品必须具有这种性质。Toughness is t
12、he ability to absorb mechanically applied energy韧性是吸收机械能的能力。Strength and ductility determine a materials toughness. 强度和塑性决定材料的韧性。Toughness is needed in railroad cars，automobile axles，hammers，rails，and similar products火车车厢、汽车车轴、锤头、铁轨和类似产品都需要有韧性。Hardness and Hardness testingprocessing (加工） put into se
13、rvice：使用 Brinell test:布氏硬度试验 Rockwell test :洛氏硬度实验 ball indentation test: 钢球压痕试验 Harden:淬火, 使硬化Indentation:压痕,压凹 Indentation test: 压痕试验,压痕硬度试验， 压凹硬度试验Indenter：刻压头 (设备） ball indenter: 钢球压头 hardness testing 硬度试验/硬度测试 hardness value：硬度值 depth of indentation 压痕深度 Holder：保持器 Right angle: 直角Graduated: 分度的
14、，刻度的 Subsequent: 后来的 Slack： Moving slowly 松驰 的average curvature 平均曲率 average diameter 平均直径 Indicator: 指标器， 测量仪表 Represent: 代表， 表示Supplement: 补充， 补加 Denote: 代表，表示 Routine: 日常的， 常规的 Finished: 已精加工的 Ferrous: 铁的 Alloy: 合金 major load：大载荷 minor load：小载荷 Scale：硬度标尺 measurement standard：测量标准, 规格based on： 根据 static load：静载荷 Radii：半径 Circumference：圆周 circumference of a circle ：圆周 Range：范围Casting: 铸件 cold working: 冷加工 room temperature （常温，房间温度） Forging：锻压，锻造 heat treatment：热处理 nonferrous material：有色
