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1、江苏省2011-2014年高考英语真题汇编说明文阅读（2014江苏）CMost damagingly, anger weakens a persons ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in th
2、e same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard
3、 duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one persons awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity be
4、tween the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced and, as a result of this, were likely to react. A
5、nd our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move a
6、way from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in orde
7、r to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is brin
8、ging forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.61. The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger _.A. usually has a biological basis B
9、. varies among peopleC. is socially and culturally shaped D. influences ones thinking and evaluation62. What changes can be found in an angry brain? ZXXKA. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C. Electrical activity corresponds to ones beha
10、viour.D. Electrical activity agrees with ones disposition.63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.64. What is the key message of t
11、he last paragraph?A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger.61. C 62. B 63. A 64. D（2013江苏）CIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is
12、 suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickne
13、ss if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens i
14、t, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. W
15、hat he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic
16、and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.
