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1、 定语从句 一The boy who was in the office yesterday is my brother . 昨天在办公室的那个男孩是我弟弟。限制性定语从句，去掉该从句，句子就失去原有的含义，而且也不大讲得通。A student (who works hard ) will make progress . 一个努力学习的学生会取得进步。二非限制性定语从句，对先行词没有限定作用，只起进一步说明的作用，去掉它，主句仍成立，意义也无变化：Our teacher is very strict with us , which does much good . 我们的老师对我们很严格，这对
2、我们有很大好处。三引导定语从句的关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，表语，定语或宾语1）关系代词：who , which , that , as , whom , whoseGive this book to the man who is over there . (主语)I am interested in the book (which /that) you talked about yesterday . (宾语，可以省略)He is not the man as he was before . (表语) 他跟过去不一样了。2）关系副词：where , when , why , 在从句中作状语
3、：This is the house where he was born . (地点状语) 这就是他出生的那座房子。That was the first day when he worked as a teacher .（时间状语） 那是他当老师的第一天。Can you tell me the reason why he was late this morning ? (原因状语) 你能告诉我他今天早上迟到的原因吗？四关系代词注意事项：1）who & whom (1). 指人时在介词后只用whom : Have you met the person about whom she was spe
4、aking ? 你见到她当时正在谈论的那个人了吗？(1). 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时做主语用who，做宾语时用whom，（不用who替代） John Baird，who was a Scotsman，invented the first television set in 1925。约翰贝尔得在1925 年发明了第一台电视机，他是 苏格兰人。Abraham Lincoln , whom American people regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents , had little schooling when
5、he was young . 林肯小时侯几乎没有上过学，美国人民把他看作美国最伟大的总统之一。2）who & that She is the teacher who （=that）was praised the other day。她就是前几天手表扬的那位老师。（1） 宜用that 不用who 的情况： 当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句用that 。不用who或 which： He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited。 他讲述了他所访问的老师和学校。（2） 当主语是以who或 which开头的问句时，定语从句用th
6、at，不用who，whom，which：Who is the person that is standing at the gate？站在大门口的那人是谁/Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this？我们中凡有人知道一些物理知识的人，有谁不懂这个呢？（3）宜用who不用that的情况： a先行词为one， ones（此处均只人）或anyone（总是指人）时： The students I want to learn from is one who studies hard。 我想向之学习的学生是一个努力的学
7、生。 Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be scolded。 完不成任务的都受批评。b先行词为those时：Those who were not fit for the job would not come。那些不适合这项工作的人不要来。c一个句子带有两个定语从句，指人时其中一个用了that，另一个宜用who：The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is a monitor who is very modest。昨天在会上受表扬的那个学生是一位非常谦虚的班长。3）wh
8、ose （特点：在定语从句中作定语，既指“人”的，又指“物”的。）He mentioned a book whose author I can not remember now。他提到一本书，书的作者我现在想不起来了。Do you know the students whose parents are from the south？你认识那个家长是南方人的学生吗？提示：whose 的表达还有另外一种替代形式：of which ; of whom 如：He mentioned a book the author of which I cant remember now . 也可以这样表达：He
9、mentioned a book whose author I cant remember now . 他提到一本书，该书的作者我现在想不起来了。There are 60 students in our class , 50 of whom are League members . 我们班有60名学生，其中50人是团员。4）that & which (1). 只用that不用which :A. 先行词为all , much , little , everything , nothing , something , anything , none , the one , few 等不定代词时：I
10、 mean the one that was bought yesterday . 我指的是昨天买的那一个。Is there anything ( that ) I can do for you in town ? 有什么我在城里可以帮你做的吗？B. 先行词部分有序数词时：The first thing ( that ) we should do is to work out a plan . 我们要做的第一件事是制定一项计划。C. 先行词被the only , any , no , the very, the right , the few , the little 等修饰时：This is
11、 the only answer (that ) I can give you now . 这是我现在能给你的唯一答复。D. 先行词部分有最高级时：This is one of the most exciting football games ( that ) I have ever seen .这是我所看过的最兴奋的足球比赛之一。（2）只用which , 不用that :A . 非限制性定语从句中：Taiwan is a beautiful and rich island , which belongs to China . 台湾是一个美丽富饶的岛屿，它属于中国。B. 关系代词前有介词时：T
12、his is the best way in which we can solve this problem . 这是我们解决这个问题的最好的方式。5）as as是关系代词，在定语从句中担任主语，宾语或表语，指代主句或主句的某一部分。He is a foreigner , as I know from his accent . (宾语)正如我从他的口音中知道的那样，他是个外国人。As often happened to him , he was absent . (主语)正像经常发生的那样，他又缺席了。He is not the same man as he used to be . (表语)
13、他和过去不一样了。6）非限制性定语从句中的as & which (1). as 作用完全同于which :He is absent today , as/which often happens to him . 他今天没来，正像经常发生的那样/这事经常发生。（2）但as 本身有“正如,正像.”的意思：Taiwan belongs to China , which / as we all know . 台湾属于中国，正如我们所知/这一点我们都知道。He is absent today , which (不能用as) upsets all of us . 他今天没有来，这使我们都很不安。（3）as
14、 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前，而which 不能。As is known to all , Taiwan belongs to China . 众所周知，台湾属于中国。7）限制性定语从句中的as(1). the same as He is reading the same book as I did yesterday . 他在看我昨天看的那本书。(2). such as Dont read such books as will do you harm . 别看对你有害的书。五：关系副词 when where why （1）whenI arrived here the day wh
15、en he left . 我在他离开的那一天到达这里。 Time做先行词，前面如有序数词或last修饰时，定语从句不用when 引导，只用that（可以省略）不用when This is the last time（that）I shall give you a lesson . 这是我给你们上的最后一次课。 The first time （that）I saw him was in 1958 . 我头一次看到他是在1958年。（2） whereThe museum where he works in often visited by people . 他工作的那家博物馆经常有人参观。 This is the factory where he visited the huge machine last week .着就是他上周参观那太巨大机器的那家工厂。提示 when，where 也用于非限制性定语从句中：In the old days，when he was
