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1、精品文档高考阅读正确选项和干扰项的特点第一节正确选项的设置特点一般来说 , 阅读理解测试中要求找出主要事实或特定细节的问题 , 在文章中均可找到回答。但是 , 需要注意的是 , 这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话 , 而是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换。一、利用原文词句的同义词句或相似结构，转换表达形式。【考例 1】 Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from whichit is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from sh
2、rimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. (2012 湖南卷 C 篇 )68. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_. A. it can help plastic degradeB. it can be
3、found in living thingsC. its mass production has been realized D.its raw materials are abundant in mature【考例2】 “ Weshow that Easterners and Westerners look at differentfacefeatures to read facial expressions,” Jack said.“ Westerners look at the eyes andthe mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners
4、favor the eyes and neglect ( 忽略 ) the mouth (2010” 湖南卷 C 篇 )The discovery shows that Westerners _.A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouthB. consider facial expressions universally reliableC. observe the eyes and the mouth in different waysD. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expres
5、sions二、利用原文词句的反义词或相反结构，转换表达形式。【考例 3】 Yet despite that, reading is increasingly unpopular among children.According to statistics in 1997 23% said they didn t like reading in all. In2003,35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly. （ 2007 山东 B）Statistics s
6、uggested that _.A. the number of top students increased with the use of computers B. a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading精品文档精品文档C. a minority of primacy school children read properlyD. a huge percentage of children read regularly【考例 4】 When I put on my flashlights, I wassaying
7、 to other drivers,“ I havea problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can. ”And everyone understood. instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing thedriver in front of them was in some way weak. (2011广东卷 A)What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?A. They speed u
8、p to pass.B. They waited with patience.C. They tried their best to help.D. They put on their flashlights too.三、通过词性变化，转换表达的形式【考例 5】 Zack Hocking, the head of ChildTrustFunds, said: “ It possiblethat one good thingto arise fromthe downturnwillbe a generation that sfinancially wiser and better equippe
9、d to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty. （”2009 山东 D ）AccordingtoHocking,theglobaleconomiccrisismightmaketheyoungsters.A. wiser in money managementB. have access to better equipmentC. confident about their future careersD. get jobs in Child Trust Funds四、使用原文的词句的上下义结构，转换表达形式。【考例
10、 6】 University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people reneweds interest in careers in the pubic sector( 部门 ), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. (2009 山东 D)Careers in the public sector are more attrac
11、tive because of their_.A. greater stabilityB. higher payC. fewer applicationsD. better reputation二 阅读理解干扰项的设置特点精品文档精品文档通过分析干扰项的设置特点可以为我们提供思考的方向。常用的干扰手段有哪些。干扰项的如下特点：(一 ) 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。【考例 1】 (2011 湖南卷 A 篇) When first entered, Vanak Restaurant does notlook lik
12、e much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob（烤肉串）hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less. Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that Many restaurants lack. The space is small with only a few dining tables and near
13、ly no decoration, but environment is truly charming.56. When first entering the restaurant, one can find that.A. is splendidly decoratedB. has pleasant smells of kabobsC. is crowded with dining tablesD. looks like a common restaurant【考例2】 (2011 湖南卷A 篇 ) A common sight is that of old Persian mensitti
14、ng in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events onTV,drinkinga blacktea known as Persian chai, and reading localPersiannewspapers all the while trying to finish off their plates piled with food.57. What activity salso mentioned apart from dining in the restaurant? A. Watchin
15、g news events on TV.B. Drinking a kind of black coffee.C. Reading local English newspapers. D. Discussing world topics in low voices.(二 ) 在推理判断中利用词的表面意义来设置干扰推理判断要求在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义，要注意不能以文字的表面含义代替推理。【考例1 】（ 2010 湖南卷B ）But she hasnt always practiced what sheteaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40years ago, whens
