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1、情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词有四类：只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might)可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need，will具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to，ought to情态动词表猜测：一肯一否三不定（must一肯，can not一否，may，might，could，三不定。）注：mustnt代表强烈禁止 must表示主观，have to表示客观。常用的有：canm
2、aycouldmust haveuse.情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词表推测的用法小结（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式1在肯定句中一般用must （一定），can,could（可能），might /may（也许，或许）。e.g:(1)He must/can/may,might know the answer to this question.他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
3、(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。2否定句中用cant / couldnt（不可能），may not/might not（可能不）。e.g:(1)It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。(2)He may not/might not know the scientist.他也许不认识那位科学家。3疑问句中用can/could （能?）。e.g:(1)Could he
4、have finished the task?他可能把任务完成了吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might,could并非may,can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态1对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。e.g:(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。2对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。e.g:(1)He must / may / might /
5、could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。(2)He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。3对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。e.g:(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。(2)The door was locked. He can ( could
6、 ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如：(4)Its seven oclock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）（5）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no
7、harm. （虚拟）汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。can 和could 表示推测的用法对现在或将来的推测，两者均可用，但can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句，而could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句；对过去的推测，应在 can,could 之后接动词的完成式，且此时can仍只用于否定句或疑问句，不用于肯定句；而could 则可用于各种句型。如：Can Could this be true? 这能是真的吗Where can could he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢She cant couldnt have left so soon. 她不可能走得这么
8、早。注：could后接动词的完成式，除表示对过去的推测外，还可表示过去没有实现的可能性（即某事本来可以发生，却没发生），或委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做（此时不用can）。如：You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。You neednt have cooked it. We could have eaten it raw. 你其实可以不煮熟（它），我们（本来）可以生吃。can 和could 表示允许的用法表示现在的允许时，若是请求别人允许自己做某事，两者均可用，但用could 语气更委婉；若是自己允许别人做某事，一般只用 ca
9、n，而不用 could。如：Can Could I come in? 我可以进来吗“Could Can I use your pen? ” “Yes,of course you can.” “我可以借用你的钢笔吗?”“当然可以。”（不能说Yes,you could.)表示过去的允许时，若表示过去一般性允许（即表示某人随时都可以做某事），用could；若表示在过去某一特定情况下允许进行某一特定的活动，则不用 could。如：When I lived at home,I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 我住在家里时，想什么时候看电影就可以什么时候看。（一般
10、性允许）I was allowed to see the film yesterday evening. 昨天晚上允许我去看了电影。（特定的允许，不能用 could)can 和could 表示能力的用法can 表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力，要表示将来具备的能力通常 be able to 的将来时态。其中要注意的是，could 表示过去的能力，通常只用于表示过去一般性能力，而不表示过去具体某次特定情形下能够做某事的能力。如：他学习很努力，所以考试能及格。误：He studied hard and could pass the exam.正：He studied hard and w
11、as able to pass the exam.注：若在否定句中没有以上限制，即couldnt 可表示过去特定情况下的能力，如可说 He studied hard but still couldnt pass the exam.口诀：情态动词两特点动词原形接后面，说话语气较委婉。can 能力may许可，must责任或义务。否定回答neednt换，需要need, dare敢。should应该，would愿，have to被迫表客观。情态动词专项练习题1. - Where is Mary? - She _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. ca
12、n be D. must have been2. His room is dark. He must _ to bed. A. go B. be going C. have gone D. have been gone3. “Will your father stay home tonight?” “Im not sure, He _to work.” A. must go B. can go C. may be gone D. may be going4. “Where is Tom?” “He isnt here I think he _ have gone home.” A. may B
13、. must C. might D. A or B or C5. “I think Helen is at home.” “ No, she _ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.” A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. darent6. Hes late. What _ have happened to him? A. can B. may C. should D, must7. “ _ he be watching TV now?” Yes, he _ be wa
14、tching TV now.” No, he _ be watching TV now.” A. Must; can; mustnt B. Can; must; cant C. Must; must; cant D. Can; can; mustnt8. “_. He have left yesterday?” Yes, he _ yesterday.” No, he _ yesterday.” A. Must; must have left; cant have left B. Can; can have left; cant have left C. Can; must have left; cant have left D. May; must have left; shouldnt have left9. You must be a writer, _ you? A. mustnt B. are C. must D. arent10. You must have seen her yesterday, _ you? A. mustnt B.
