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1、第一组： spend/ take /costspend的主语通常是“人”，即“某人在花多少时间或金钱。”例句：1）The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.（那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。）2)She spent lots of money on books last year.（去年她花费很多钱在书本上。）take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事需要花多少时间。”It takes (人)时间 to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?（你需要多少时
2、间才能完成那工作？）2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.（我花了一个小时修理自行车。）3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.（说真话需要很大的勇气。）cost的主语通常是事物，即指 某物值多少钱需要多少时间某人花了多少钱使（某人）（丧失）（事/物）cost（人）时间/金钱1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.（这块手表花了我200块钱。）2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.（写本小说要花很多时间。）3)The girls b
3、ad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.（那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。）注意：cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。第二组：speak/say/tell/talkspeak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词；发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词。1)The students speak English very fluently.（这些学生英语说得非常流利。）2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.（首相就国际形势发表了演说。）3)She
4、 always speaks ill of others.（她总是说别人的坏话。）speak的习惯用语：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of 且不说；更不用说1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.（一般而言，男人比女人强壮。）2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.（我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。）say说出某句话或某件事；后接从句，（但say与从句之间不
5、能直接接人称代词或名词）；说明时间；书信、布告报纸上的“说”，习惯用法1)She said ,“I love you.”（她说：“我爱你。”）2)Say goodbye to them.（跟他们说再见。）3)She says she is busy.（她说她很忙。）4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.（我的表是十点整。）5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.（报上说上海发生了一场大火）。6)It is said that she has been away for a month.（据说她已走了一个月了
6、）7)It goes without saying that education is important.（不用说，教育是重要的。）8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.（Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成绩很好。） tell说谎；讲故事；说实话1)Dont tell a lie.（不要说谎。）2)She likes to tell stories.（她喜欢讲故事。）3)We should always tell the truth.（我们应该永远说实话。） tell辨别；叫某人做某
7、事；接“间接”与“直接”宾语；tell宾语that从句1)Sometimes we cant tell right from wrong.（有时我们无法辨别是非。）（他告诉我他要去那儿。）talk连续地说话；习惯用法1)What are the girls talking about ?（那些女孩们讲什么？）2)Young people like to talk politics.（年青人喜欢谈论政治。）3)I talked over the matter with her.（我与她谈论了那个问题。）第三组：take /bring/carry/fetchtake作“带去”“拿去”解；从近处把东
8、西送到远处例句：1)Shell take her children to the park.（她要带孩子去公园。）2)Its raining, youd better take an umbrella with you.（下雨了；你最好把雨伞带上。）bring“拿来；带来”；从远处把东西拿到近外1)Bring the dictionary to me.（把字典拿给我。）2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.（明天你来的时候，请把你的报告带来。）carry作“携带，带去；搬运”解1)She always carrie
9、s a red handbag.（她总是带一个红色手包。）2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.（请把这台电视搬到楼上去。）fetch作“去取来，拿来；叫某人来”解1)The football is over there. Fetch it please.（足球在那边呢，请把它拿回来。）2)Fetch the police at once. Weve found the robber.（马上去叫警察来，我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。）第四组：wear/put on/ dresswear穿着，戴；留，表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语例句：1)She always we
10、ars a pair of glasses.（她总是戴着一副眼镜。）2)He wears a black jacket today.（今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。）put on穿上，戴上，表示“动作”例句：1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.（老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。）2)Put on the gloves .Its cold outside.（戴上手套外面很凉。）dress作“穿着的衣服”解；给某人穿衣服不用写衣服例句：1)She is dressed in red.（她穿着红衣服。）2)The mother dr
11、esses the child every day.（那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。）此句不能加衣服。3)She dresses herself in red.（此句等于第一个例句。）第五组：do /makedo“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”，如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词，如do wrong（犯错）。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有：do ones do (the) some do sb. a favor帮人忙do with利用；忍受；需要do away with废除do without用不着；不需要have do sb. do nothin
12、g but do除了做以外什么也没做do business做生意例句：1)Ill do the dishes today.（今天我来洗盘子。）2)Ive done my homework.（我已经做完了作业。）3)Crying does harm to you.（哭对你没有益处。）4)Will you do me a favor?（能否帮我一个忙？）5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business.（我们做生意没有电话是不行的。）6)The new teacher didnt know what to do with the class.（新
13、老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。）7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.（昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。）8)Who does your hair?（平常是谁给你做头发的？）make“作”，表示“制造”，其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服；make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有：make a make an make make例句：1) They have make great progress in learning English.（在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。）2)Who is goi
14、ng to make a speech today?（今天谁来演说？）3)Dont make a noise.嘘！（不要出声。）4)She makes her living as a teacher.（她作教师来维持生计。）第一组： lie/lay/lie1)lie不及物动词，躺；位于lielaylainlying例句：Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。)She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了。)2)lay及物动词，放置；下蛋laylaidlaidlaying例句：These
15、 hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。)He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。)lie不及物动词，说谎lieliedliedlying例句：Dont lie to me.(别骗我。)She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。)第二组：hear/listen tohear听；是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息例句：The deaf cannot hear.(聋子听不见。)listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to；如没有宾语，listen后不可加to。例句：Listen, some
