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1、微生物翻译201111202919尹炫植Synopsis Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are tiny organisms too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope. The family of microorganisms includes prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. In general, microorganisms are small, simple, organisms that grow rapid
2、ly. Prokaryotes are single-cell organisms, such as bacteria, that have no real nucleus and do not contain membrane-enclosed organelles. Eukaryotes, such as algae, fungi and protozoa, have a real nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Viruses are tiny, complex molecules composed of protein and nuc
3、leic acid, that cannot replicate independently off their host cells. The study of microbiology provides an excellent foundation for understanding cell function in higher organisms. Knowledge of microbiology is necessary in problem-solving and dealing with practical issues in medicine, agriculture, i
4、ndustry, and environmental studies. In this chapter we will introduce the study of microbiology as a scientific discipline and review the major historical developments in the field. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the important role that microbiology plays in the life sciences. 微生物学是研究不借助
5、显微镜看不到的微小的生物学科。微生物的家庭中包括原核生物、真核生物和病毒。一般来说,微生物微小,简单,生长迅速。原核生物是单细胞生物,没有真正的细胞核和不含有细胞膜的细胞器,如细菌。真核生物, 有一个真正的细胞核和细胞膜封闭的细胞器，如藻类、真菌和原生动物。病毒是由微小的,复杂的蛋白质与核酸分子组成,不能独立于他们的宿主细胞生存，复制。微生物的研究为高等生物细胞的功能的理解提供了一个良好的基础。微生物学的知识在解决医学、农业、工业、和环境研究方面问题和处理实际问题过程中是必要的。在这一章中, 我们将微生物学作为一门学科介绍学习并复习这一领域的主要历史发展。本章结尾讨论微生物学在生命科学中的重要作用。
