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1、人教版选修八第一单元课文翻译及重难点选修八第一单元CALIFORNIA美国加州课文翻译及重难点剖析California is the third largest state in the USAbut has the largestpopulation .加州是美国 第三大州，但 人口最多。It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world . The customs and languages
2、of the immigrants live on in their new home.加州独出心裁之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的民俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以持续。This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history ofCalifornia.当你认识了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感觉吃惊了。AMERCANS美洲土着人Exactly when the first people arrived inwhat we now know asCaliforni
3、a , no one really knows.最早的一批人详细是在什么时候到达我们此刻所知道的加利福尼亚地域 的，谁也说不清楚。However, itis likely thatNative Americans were living in / California at least fifteen thousand years ago.但是，很可能起码在 15 ,000 年从前美洲土着人就住在加利福尼亚了。Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by
4、means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们以为，这些乔迁者经过一条史前时代以前存在的大陆桥穿越北极地域的白令海峡抵达美洲。In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the nativepeople suffered greatly Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.欧洲人 在 16 世纪到达这儿后， 土着人 遭到了极大的磨难 ，成千上万的人被杀戮或被迫成为奴隶。In addition,m
5、any died fromthe diseases broughtby theEuropeans. 别的，欧洲人带来了疾病，使很多人得病而死 ，However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.可是，仍是 有一些人 在经历了这些恐惧期间后活下来 了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土着人比任何其余州的都要多。SPANISH 西班牙人In the 18th century California
6、 was ruled by Spain. Spanishsoldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, whenthey fought against the native people and took their land.在 18 世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在 1 6 世纪早期 到达南美洲的，他们同土着人打仗，并夺去了他们的土地 .Two centuries later , the Spanish had settled in most parts of South Amer
7、ica and along the northwest coast of what we now call the UnitedStates.两个世纪此后 ，西班牙人在南美洲的大多半地域定居下来， 并且还在我们此刻称之为美国的西北沿海地域 住下来 .Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大多半是宗教人士， 他们的职责是向原住民教
8、授天主教。In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.1821 年，墨西哥人从西班牙获取了 独立 -加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.1846 年美国 向墨西哥 宣战，美国博得战争成功
9、后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。However , there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.可是，这个州到现在仍旧保存着很强的西班牙的影响 。这就是为何今日还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍旧把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘由。俄罗斯人In the early 1800s, Russian hunters,who hadoriginally gone t
10、o Alaska, begansettling in California.19 世纪早期 ，一批最先到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人 开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americansliving in and around （此刻分词作定语） San Francisco.今日，住在圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）及其周边地域的美籍俄罗斯人约有 25,000 人。MINERS淘金矿工In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, goldwas discovered in California
11、.1848 年，在美国同墨西哥开战以后不久 ，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted peoplefrom all over the world.发达梦 很快就吸引了世界各地的人。The nearest, and therefore the firstto arrive （, to do 不定式做定语 ） were South Americans and people from the UnitedStates.距离近来因此 来得最早的 是南美洲人和美国人。Then adventurers from Europe and
12、 Asia soonfollowed .In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.随后随着来的 有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上极罕有人圆了发达梦。Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. Make a living一些人死了或回家了，可是只管条件十分艰辛，多半人仍是留在
13、了加利福尼亚劳作糊口 ，并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。By the timeCalifornia elected to（决定做某事 ） become thethirty-firstfederal state of the USA in 1850, it was already amulticultural society.到 1850 年加利福尼亚成为美国第31 个州的时候 ，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。A RRIVALS此后的移民Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,固然 中国移民
14、在淘金热期间就开始到来了，it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. （重申句 ）正是 1 9 世纪 60 年月要修筑贯串美国东西海岸的铁路，才使得更大量量的移民到达此地。Today, Chinese-AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althougha largepercentagehavechosentostayintheChinatowns of
