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1、启航书院 高中英语必修一 第一单元知识点归纳外研版英语必修一第一单元1. because,since,as,for,because of的区别（语气由强到弱）(1) because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系，语气最强，通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前。(2) 回答why 提出的问题，只能用because, 不能用其余三者。如：A：Why cant I go?我为什么不能去？B：Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。(3) because 引导的从句可用于强调句，其余三者不能。哪：Its because he is kind that we like him
2、.是因为他对人友好，我们才喜欢他。(4) because 从句可用表语，其余三者不能。如：This is because the earth is travelling round the sun.这是因为地球在围绕太阳转。(5) not because 这一结构中的not 有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的(合逻辑的)理解。若 not 否定主句，最好在because 之前用逗号，否则容易引起歧义：I didnt go because I was afraid.1) 我没有去是因为我怕。2) 我不因为怕才去。不过若because 之前有just 修饰，一般认为not 只
3、能否定从句。如：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气。(6) 表示“的原因是因为”这一意义时，一般要用The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能来的原因是(因为)他病了。注：在阅读中有时也可见到The reason why.is because.这样的说法，但比较少见。2. 关于since 和 as(1) since和as表示的原因是人们所知的，是对已知事实提供
4、理由，而不表示直接原因。since比as语气稍强，且比as略为正式，两者通常都放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后。如：Since you feel tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了，你应该休息。As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因为你身体不好，我决定独自去。(2) since 可用于省略句，而其它三者不能。如：Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此，就再没有什么好说的了(3) since “因为,既然” 侧重主句，主句表示显然的或已知的理由。强调说话者和听
5、者双方都知道的原因，常译为“既然”，一般用在这样的句子里。例如：Since weve got a few minutes to wait for the train, lets have a cup of coffee.(4) as 是从属连词，说明一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句通常放在句首，有时也可放在句末。例如：As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.天下雨了，你最好乘出租车。3. 关于for(1) for是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(只能放在主句之后，且可与because换用)
6、，有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后，但不能与because换用)。如：The ground is wet, for (或because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。It rained last night, for (不能用because) the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下过雨，(你看)今天早上地面都是湿的。(2) for “因为,由于”表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号。for分句不放句首.是用来附带解释或说明前一分句的原因和理由。例如：Day breaks,
7、 for the cock crows.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.I wont go in, for my father is there.（5）because of是介词短语，在句子作状语，后面只能跟名词，代词，或者what引导的从句。Because of my bad leg ,I couldnt walk so fast as the others.由于我的腿坏了我不能像其他人走得那么快。置于句首做状语但用逗号与其他部分分开Because of his wifes being there, I said n
8、othing about it.因为他妻子在场我对此事只字未提。(接-ing分词）He realized that she was crying because of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。(接what从句)练习：用because,since,as,for,because of填空1. Why do you like the teacher?-_because_he is kind and enthusiastic.2. It was because_ his mother was ill that he came to school late t
9、his morning.3. Since _it is hot,lets go swimming4. Parents should take seriously their children requests for sunglasses because_eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.5. Since_ he cant answer the question,youd better ask someone else.6. He realized that the teacher was angry because of _what h
10、e had said.7. As /since _I havent seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.8. The days are short,for _it is now December.改错1. They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.2. Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.2. be similar to:与.相似T
11、he weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天气与纽约的天气很相似Be different from与.不同。Their tastes are different from mine他们的爱好与我的不同。（1） Your views on education are similar _mine. A in B to C from D with(2) I saw no difference in Paris. Its just like our Shanghai. A similar B likely C like D sameb
12、e similar in在.方面相似 The two house are similar in size.翻译：（1） 她在很多方面与她妈妈相似（2） 他的外套和你的相似。3.ed形容词和ing形容词的用法区别传统的观点许多参考书认为：-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用，-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确，在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是：假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动，那么不仅他的课非常interesting，而且你会说他是一个 interesting man(有趣的人)。比较： Im interested in int
13、eresting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。 He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。 He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。 另一方面，-ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会： a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕) a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕) an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动) an exciting talk
14、 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动) 由于传统的观点说得太绝对，有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱，请看下面一题 ：_ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _？A. What, interesting B. What, interestedC. How, interestingD. How, interested 此题考查两方面的知识点：一是考查what do you think of与how do you like的用法区别(两者搭配不同，但意思相同)；二是考查interesting与interested的用法区别。若套用以上
15、关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，则可能将答案锁定为D。但是错了，此题的最佳答案应是A。二、正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：1. 以后缀 ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的 a very excited voi
