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1、 2022年医学考博英语：影像X射线常用词汇清楚 clear肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings钙化灶 calcified空洞 cavitation球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion)小块阴影区 a minimal area of density散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density圆形致密影 a round density胸膜增厚
2、 pleural thickening肋膈角模糊(变钝、消逝)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion液气胸 hydropneumothorax纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement肺门模糊 hilar haze肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density肺淤血(栓塞
3、) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction)阴影性状 shadow淡的 haziness云雾状 clouding线装 streaky絮状 patcky结节状 nodular块状 massive粟粒状 miliary融合状 confluent匀称的 homogeneous二、心脏 Heart左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) he
4、art肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart主动脉钙化calcification of aorta心腰部 waist of heart垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 ve
5、rtical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart三、腹部平片 KUB film结石 calculus钙化影 calcified shadow阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern液气平面 gas-fluid level膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination胃肠造影 gastroenterography双重比照造影 double contrast radiography食管蠕动征 esophageal peris
6、talsis sign十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression)小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach充盈缺损 filling defect黏膜皱襞消逝 disappearance of the mucosal folds张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hyper
7、tonicity)球部激惹现象 irritable cap蠕动增加 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis)蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis蠕动消逝 aperistalsis排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation跳动现象 skipping phenomenon黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold五、胆道 bile tract口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography静脉胆管胆囊造
8、影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)胆总管扩张dilated common duct胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately收缩功能 contractibility六、骨骼
9、skeleton骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone洋葱皮样转变 “onion skin” appearance骨膜反响 periosteal reaction骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction)骨化 ossification畸形 deformity缩短 shortening移位 displacement脱位 luxation半脱位 subluxation连接不正 malunion青枝骨折 greenstick fracture多发性骨折 multiple fracture病理性骨折 pathological fracture关节间隙 j
10、oint space椎间隙 intervertebral space肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis)骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis死骨 sequestrum骨质坏死 bone necrosis关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint关节强直 ankyloses骨骺分别 epiphyseal separation对线良好 good alignment对位良好 g
11、ood apposition七、泌尿系统 urological system静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP)逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography萎缩 atrophy移位 deformity扭曲 distortion充盈缺损 filling defect狭窄 stricture不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone八、X线检查位置前后位 anteroposterior projection后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection侧位 lateral projection立位 upright position斜位 oblique projection右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection前凸位 lordotic position projection轴位 axial position头位 cranial projection尾位 caudal projection
