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1、Unit1 1、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:Neuron overloadPatients* high expectationsMistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor2、 Mrs. Osorios condition:A 56-year-old womanSomewhat overweightReasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertensionCholesterol on the high si
2、de without any medications for itNot enough exercises she should takeHer bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 3、 Good things: Blood tests done Glucose a little better Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things: Cholesterol not so great Her weight a little up Her bones a litt
3、le thin on her last DEXA scan 44、The situation:The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorios conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.Mrs. Osorio
4、seemed to care only about her “innocent and completely justified request”： the form signed by her doctor.The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient while completing documentation.5、Similarities:In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task
5、at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computers and human beings. Differences:The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.At best, human beings can juggle only a hand
6、ful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.6、7 medical issues to consider5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue7 x 5 = 3
7、5 thoughts10 patients that afternoon35 x 10 = 350 thoughts5 residents under the authors supervision4 patients seen by each resident10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total If the doctor does a good job juggling
8、98% of the time, that still leaves about 10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.7、Possible solutions:Computer-generated remindersCase managersAncillary servicesThe simplest solution: timeUnit2 1、The author implies: Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re-
9、emerging infectious diseases Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of the infectious diseasesUnfinished war against infectious diseases2、Victory declarations:Surgeon General William Stewarts hyperbolic statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”.A string
10、of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccinesThe thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost over What followed ever since:Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and EbolaComeback of the old afflictions: Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union TB in urban centers like N
11、ew York City Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet feverThe fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world3、Elaborate on the joined battle:WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in October 1995.CDC launched a prevention s
12、trategy in 1994.Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.4、 The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel from one country to another remote country in a very short time.5、TB:Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spreadEmerging of dr
13、ug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strainA ride on the HIV won by attacking the immunocompromised Group A strep:A change in virulenceMutation in the exterior of the bacterium Flu:Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its level of virulence6、Examples:E
14、xperiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination.Due to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.7、The four
15、areas of focus:The need for surveillanceUpdated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the fieldAppropriate prevention and controlStrong public health infrastructure8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.Unit31、 Terrys life beforeShe loved practicing Tae Kwon DoShe loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the t
