英语动词的分类在英语句子中,每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语,说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”,按照动词在句子中所起的作用,英语中动词可分为四类:实义动词,系动词,助动词和情态动词一.实义动词,也叫行为动词,含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语 She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉 They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆 I'm reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书 注: 关于实义动词: ①英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类:及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词;Alice washes her clothes every morning.本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词He works hard.②有些动词通常只作不及物动词如:go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive,hall等 有些动词通常用作及物动词如:say, find, buy等 ③大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词如:study, sing等。
④有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同如:know, wash等⑤有些动词常和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词如:listen to sth, wait for,look at.二.系动词,也叫连系动词,本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语be动词是最常见的系动词 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师 Twins usually look the same. 双胞胎通常看起来一样The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气注: 关于连系动词: ① 连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词,名词,介词短语,动名词,不定式等 ② 常见的连系动词有:be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、 go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等 ③ 有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化:look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉、摸→感到)、 smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到、到达→变得)、go(去→变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。
三.助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能在实义动词和系动词前一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化 He doesn't speak English. 他不说英语 We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗?注: 关于助动词: ①常见的助动词有:用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were) ;用于完成时的have(has,had,having) ;用于将来时的shall (should) ; will (would)和用于一般时的do(does,did) . ②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词如:shall, will, should, would. 四.情态动词 本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式 You can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你可以借两个星期。
May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗? We must go now. 我们现在得走了注: 关于情态动词: ①常见的情态动词有:can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用情态动词后面必须加动词的原形②can表示具有某种能力,会,能He can swim.(他会游泳)表示可能性,可能,可以,That can't be Mr Li.(那不可能是李先生)表示许可,可以,口语中, 在询问或说明一件事可不可以做时,常用“can”代替“may” 如:Can I help you?(要帮忙吗?) ③ may表示允许、请求或可能性,用may提问时,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes,you may.;否定回答一般用can't或mustn't. 如:May I ask you a question?—Certainly.(可以问你一个问题吗?当然可以)/ You may go now.(现在你可以走了)/ It may be in your pocket.(它可能在你的衣袋里) ④ must表示“必须”、“一定”的意思,表示说话人的主观意志。
表示“必须”时否定形式是mustn't;表示“一定”时,否定形式是“can't”如:We must be very careful when we cross the road.(我们过马路时一定要非常小心)/ It must be Jack.(那准是杰克)/ I haven't seen Kate today. She can't be here.(我今天没有看到过凯特,她不可能在这里).have to 不得不,必须,表示外界客观因素造成,I have to clean rooms . [注意用must(必须)进行提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't;用must(一定)进行提问时,肯定回答仍用must,但是否定回答用can't.如:Must we clean the room before we leave? –Yes,you must.或No,you needn't.(我们走之前必须要打扫房间吗?是的,必须打扫/ 不,不需要 / Must she be in the romm? –Yes,she must.或No,she can't.(她一定在房间里吗?是的,一定。
/ 不,不可能在 ⑨ would也可以表示现在的情况,表达说话人向对方提出的要求,语气比“will”婉转、客气在日常会话中,“我想要…”通常用“I would like to”=(I'd) like to”来表示如:Would you like to have a rest at the moment?(你现在想要休息一下吗?) would还可以表示过去经常发生的事情如:Every year parents would tell their children about the boy who would save his people.(每一年父母们总是向孩子们讲述这个将会拯救他的人民的男孩的事)⑩ need作情态动词时,表示“需要”,用于疑问句或否定句,You needn`t give it back before Friday, Need I go there? “need”作实义动词时,在肯定、否定、疑问句中都可以用如:He needn't do it in such a hurry.(他不需要如此匆忙地做这件事)/ He needs some help.(他需要一些帮助)/ He doesn't need to bring his football socks then.(那么他就无须带上足球袜了)be动词:be动词有三兄弟:is,am, are 。
I(我)用am, you(你)用are, is跟着he(他) she(她) it(它),we(我们) you(你们)和they(他们),复数(两人以上)永远连着are.解析: I am; You are; He is; She is; It is; We are; You are; They are. 1.否定句只需要在be动词后加 not,即:am not, is not = isn't are not = aren't 2.一般疑问句只需要将be动词提前至句首.即: Is .......? Are ........? 附小练习:1)I _____ a student. 2) You ____ a teacher. 3)____she from Jinan? No, she ____. 4) _____you friends? No, we ____. 5) He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1. 6) It_____ a car. 7) They ____ cars. 8) ____ your mother in China? 9) _____your friends in New York? 10) What ____her name? 11) These(这些) _____ buses. 12) Those(那些) _____oranges. 13) Where _____ her mother? 14) How old _____your teacher? 15) What class _____ you in? 16)This ____ my brother(哥哥、弟弟). 17)That ____ a pencil. 18)Mike and I____ students. 19)____ there an apple on the table(桌子)? Yes, there ____.20)There____many books in the study. 21)There____some ice cream in the fridge(冰箱).22)There____a pear and some cakes on the table. 23)The children___ playing in the bedroom.24)The rabbits__________ eating grass. 25) What______ your favorite subject(科目)?26) The girl__________ drawing. 27) "I"___ a letter(字母.)28. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 29. The girl______ Jack's sister(姐姐、妹妹). 30. The dog _______ tall and fat. 31. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 32. ______ yo。