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1、非谓语动词用法对比讲解主讲：殷志勇概念理解：在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）非谓语动词句法功能一览表主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词分 词知识要点：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。Its necessary to discuss the problem with an
2、experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（1）Its difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do（2）Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：Its no good (use, fun) doing.Its (a) waste of time doing.Its worth while doing
3、.二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。His teaching aim of this class is to train the students speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。The task of this class is practising
4、 the idioms. （现在分词做表语）With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following, challenging, convincing等。现在分词表示进行与主动。The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。
5、5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：used, closed, covered, interested, satisfied, prepa
6、red, completed, crowded, dressed, broken, married, gone, gifted, qualified, determined, developed, convinced, devoted, absorbed, seated, be lost in thought等。6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：interest（使感兴趣），surprise（使吃惊），frighten（使害怕），excite（使兴奋），tire（使疲劳），please（使满意），puzzle（使迷惑不解），satisfy（使满意），amuse（使娱乐），disap
7、point（使失望），inspire（使欢欣鼓舞），worry（使忧虑）它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。They are very tired. 他们很疲劳After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.三、不定式与动名词做宾语：1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：ask, want, wish, hope, expect, pretend, care, decide, ha
8、ppen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise, demand等。2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, escapte, appreciate, admit, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of, dream of, be f
9、ond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, devote oneself to, pay attention to, object to, insist on等。3、在forget, remember, stop, try, regret, mean, consider等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，要特别注意。forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forg
10、et doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret to do sth. 遗憾（通知等）regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事consider doing 考虑做某事consider sb to do
11、认为go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。This Engli
12、sh novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid例如：The doctor advised him to stay in bed
13、for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如：We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。注意当
14、make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：We heard him singing the song when w
15、e came in. 当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。五、不定式、动名词、分词做定语：1、不定式作定语 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.There is nothing to worry about. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”） 用不定式作定语的几种情况：不定式表将来：I borrowed some books to r
