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1、高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导一 阅读技能与试题设计 2003年颁布的普通高中英语课程标准（实验）明确提出“高中阶段要着重提高学生用英语获取信息和处理信息，分析问题和解决问题的能力”，这就要求学生要不断地提高相应的阅读技能。新课标规定的阅读技能测试要点如下： 1理解主旨大意； 2寻读具体信息； 3理解细节； 4根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5简单的判断和推理； 6理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7理解作者的意图和态度； 8理解文段的文化信息。 测试方式共有11种，而其中的完形填空也是历届高考必有的题型之一，所占分值比例较大，并且由于在试卷中所处的位置较前，因此如何能在短时间
2、内更好的完成这类试题对考生的影响较大：完形填空做得好，则考生对后面的试题就越有信心。 二NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空 NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空所给的短文是以作者的父亲给他童年生活带来的爱与欢乐而展开的回忆与联想。试题原文如下： In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call _21_and love. I dont remember my father ever getti
3、ng into a swimming tool. But he did _22_the water. Any kind of _23_ride seemed to give him pleasure. _24_he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along. But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being _25_the water, moving through it, _26_it all around me. I was not a
4、 strong _27_, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my _28_. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my fathers office and _29_those summer days with my father, who _30_ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the _31_person not
5、 in swimsuit. After swimming, I would go _32_ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk _34_ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhap
6、s I shouldnt be playing with his _35_. But my father always _36_and said easily, “Oh, no, its _37_.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get _38_ an ice cream A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is _39_.” And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in child
7、hood” that determines our memories, but _40_, in that childhood, look at us. 21A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry 22A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love 23A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike 24A. But B. Then C. And D. Still 25A. on B. off C. by D. in 26A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting 27A. swim
8、mer B. rider C. walker D. runner 28A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears 29A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining 30A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to 31A. next B. only C. other D. last 32A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside 33A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out 34A. the mo
9、ment B. the first time C. while D. before 35A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment 36A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out 37A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny 38A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself 39A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. pra
10、ctice 40A. which B. who C. what D. whose 相对于科技类文章而言，这篇叙述性的完形填空是比较简单的，但由于考查的内容除对文章主旨的理解外还涉及到细节的判断和推理，这正是这类题型的难度所在之处。 三 完形填空解题技巧 现以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空为例，笔者愿与大家一起探讨从中发现的一些解题技巧。 （一）前后呼应法 做完形填空时，要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境”来判断，既大语境全文中心和基调，小语境空格前后句子所构成的语境；再根据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题。如： 第21题 B，根据后面作者所回忆的事情来判断，他的父亲带给他的应是爱与欢乐，所以选
11、B:joy ，而其他选项都没有给出相应的事情来呼应。 第22题 D, 由这一段的最后一句“he loved to fish;”及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.”可知父亲喜欢水及一些水上活动。因此第23题也就能很快找到正确答案是A: boat。 第30题 B，由后面两句可得知父亲会在休息时过来看“我”，特别后面提到“My father would stand there in his suit, ” 同样这儿用would更合理。 第32题 D，这一段是讲作者在游泳后到他父亲的办
12、公室里玩耍。与后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼应。 第33题 C，与35题所在的句子“- perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35_.”相呼应，因此35题的答案也能从33题“- where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推断出是C。 第38题 C，由文章大意可知道父亲应是十分爱“我”的，所以有时还会给“我”钱买冰淇淋吃。这是与文章的大语境相呼应的。 第39题 A，作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的
13、事物决定了我们的记忆，而且还包括那时关爱我们的人。所以诗人所说的“the rest”就应该是memory与下一句的“determines our memories”相呼应。 （二）But 转折法 在完形填空题中，but 一词前后通常会设题。文中一出现but，应该马上想到前后语意有转折，只要知道其中一方的语意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做题时，遇到类似but的词，如：however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同样处理，以便于从文中找到解题的依据。仍旧以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空为例： 第25题 D，由这一段的第一句“But I never re
14、ally liked being on the water, he way my father did”.及后面的“moving through it,”可知“I liked being in the water.” 第37题 A, 当父亲的学生或助手认为“我”不应该玩他办公室里的东西时，父亲却总是轻松地表示没有关系。所以第37题答案很明显是A : fine。 以下就笔者在2008年第一学期从事高一英语教学实践过程中遇到的完形填空为例，发现的其他一些解题技巧。 （三）绝对矛盾法 绝对矛盾法是从选项着手分析，若四个选项中有两个选项是绝对矛盾和对立，那么正确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生。二者必居其一.至于究竟是两者中的哪一个，则需要进一步根据上下文的语境来判断。例如在浙江省湖州中学教学讲义高一英语模块一、二（2008，9）第120页，完形填空第二段：Most computers have a memory(存储器). They can work millions of times _3_ than man. That means information can be put in _4_ and be taken out any t
