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1、these precious and worth cherishing. Second, scientific research situation, grasp the opportunities and challenges of transformation and upgrading of full completion of the Thirteen-Five development tasks, start is crucial. Focused grand blueprint, must to history of thinking views trend, put associ
2、ate times forward of pulse, stepped on associate economic law of drums, find associate transformation upgrade of path, in grasp macro trend in the advance science development; to strategy of vision conspiracy to global, always tight buckle national macro policy oriented, accurate grasp County love a
3、ctual, based overall caught opportunities, and PCT thought, ensure County economic social development always along right track continued forward; to precision of measures seeking breakthrough, tightly pegged focus task and bottleneck restricted, Science and identify practical and effective measures,
4、 advance breakthrough, ensuring all tasks carry out to the letter; based on scientific assessment and strict implementation, persist in combining routine supervision and centralized supervision, accurate assessment Township departments, strictly cash rewards, prompted the departments own implementat
5、ion at all levels. In working to advance, to truly grasp the Guide, seize the opportunity, finding a position and play to our strengths and take the initiative, ensure that the start of the new year tree, new performance. Grasp the Guide, is to dock in policy measures to seize the initiative. Accura
6、te grasp of the Central Government, provinces and cities to speed up the development of new policies and new initiatives with a high degree of policy acumen to capture opportunities to accelerate development. Follow-up to promote the transformation and upgrading of the five great ideas offer a great
7、 chance. Five large development philosophy is the Party Central Committee with a view to promote economic transformation and upgrading, complete the building of a well-off society in major decisions and arrangements, is the development of a profound change. County-wide at all levels should conscient
8、iously study and implement, implement the five ideas, green development, open development, on which to share advantages, and actively explore new path of innovative and coordinated development, changing the concept of leading the transformation of development mode of development, promote the develop
9、ment of quality improvement. Floor supply side structural reform implementation provides an effective strategy for improving the quality of development. Supply side structural reform is future full deepening reform of plays, to according to macro policy to stability, and industry policy to associate
10、, and micro policy to live, and reform policy to real, and social policy to backing of requirements, keen grasp Central, and provinces release out of new signal, combined County love actual accurate docking, full grasp to capacity, and to inventory, and to lever, and drop cost, and fill short Board
11、five big focus task implementation, prompted County economic transformation upgrade, and continued upgrade. Poverty当前畜牧业发展面临的问题与对策畜牧业, 对策, 发展美国畜牧业在世界上最发达、最先进，我们需要学先进、赶先进。改革开放以来，学习借鉴美国经验，也推进了我国畜牧业现代化的进程。但是，世界上只有一个美国，当今世界没有哪个国家能复制美国模式。我国农牧业资源的特点是人多地少，农民数量多，土地资源短缺，无法搞土地密集型农牧业。我国农村金融短缺，也无法搞资本密集型农牧业。根据比较
12、优势，只能扬长避短地发展劳动密集型农牧业。不能照搬美国模式的大型规模化，只能从国情现实出发，选择中国特色的小型规模化。我国地域多样、气候多样、地貌多样、生态多样、民俗文化多样。各省、各地市之间农业资源禀赋各不相同，甚至县与县之间也差异显著。缺乏同质化集中连片的土地资源，不适合搞美国模式的专业化。应该根据多样化的资源特征，走中国特色的多功能、多业态、兼业化的路子。 我国畜牧业不能照搬美国模式实行完全的市场化体制。在完全市场化自由竞争的状态下，产业链成员都是互相独立的市场主体，为追求利润最大化，不能稳定协调地形成一体化运作，频繁出现市场大起大落的剧烈波动。畜产品价格关系着城乡工农两大群体的利益分配
13、，短缺时价高影响城市低收入阶层的生活水平，过剩时价跌则伤害农民的利益。大起大落既损害产业的持续发展，也伤害生产者和消费者的利益。因此，政府要参与监管，不可大撒手。政府的有形之手与市场力量的无形之手要结合起来，双手并用、两手都硬；盈利性的商业组织与非盈利性公益组织要共同努力，实行两条腿走路，走中国特色的创新型畜牧业发展之路。1、我国畜牧业追求大型规模化的误区美国模式以大型规模化为主要特征，美国的奶牛业、肉牛业是大型规模化的，美国的肉鸡业、蛋鸡业也是大型规模化的，美国的肉猪业还是大型规模化的。美国畜牧业发展模式以规模化为核心，构成了规模化、企业化、专业化、机械化、工厂化、集约化、标准化等特征，几乎
14、成了畜牧业现代化的“标志”，也主导着我国畜牧业发展的思维。受美国模式的影响，我国畜牧业片面突出规模化，达到了不顾国情的极端程度。认为规模小就是传统的、落后的，规模大才是现代的、先进的。在畜牧业领域，认为一家一户分散饲养，规模化养殖程度低，是传统落后需要淘汰的，极力发展规模化养殖场或养殖小区。我国饲养奶牛追求纯种和追求高单产的目标导向，导致农户种养分离。奶牛养殖户在饲草饲料价格持续上涨、奶牛饲养成本上升、牛奶收购价格长期低迷的情况下，陷入无利亏损的困境。大型规模化养奶牛，自家没有足够的草场进行放牧，也没有大量的土地用来种植饲草饲料。所以，饲草需要购买，饲料需要购买，牛犊需要购买，劳动力也要花钱雇
15、佣。提高了交易成本，导致整个饲养成本提高。我国的奶牛业片面地追求规模化，这种违背国情、贪大求洋的规模化，将中国奶牛业引入误区。造成奶牛业种养分离，不仅饲养成本高，还造成环境污染，提高环保治污成本。美国等发达国家的奶牛业，不仅是规模化的，还是种养结合的。规模化是外表是形式，种养结合是实质是真经。遗憾的是，我们生搬硬套地学了人家的外表和形式，没有学到真经。由于美国土地资源丰富，农民的数量少，可以廉价地大量提供土地给奶牛户，用来大面积地种植青贮玉米和苜蓿草，为大规模养殖奶牛提供质优、价廉、量大的饲草料资源。美国尽管资金实力雄厚，也并不花费大量资金建设排污设施，从事运行费用高的设施化治污。而是采取种养
16、结合方式，利用农田消化养殖业的污物，变废为宝资源化地解决养殖业污染。我国农户手中拥有的土地面积少，土地集中流转又受到制约。农户大规模养奶牛，无法实现种养结合。养牛户实行种养结合，只能采取小型规模化饲养方式，自家土地（包括草地、林地、荒地）能提供多少饲草和饲料，就养多少牛。土地规模小，就相应降低饲养规模。实行种养结合，饲草饲料自家种植，劳动力来源于自家，牛粪由自家农田消化，牛犊来源于自家母牛，滚雪球式发展壮大。放弃美国模式的大型规模化，实行中国特色的小型规模化，养牛户才能摆脱当前的困境。我国人多地少，已经按人 分田到户，是党在农村的基本政策。在种养环节实行规模化经营，需要对土地进行流转集中，如采取股份制企业化形式，农民用土地承包经营权入股，成立有限责任公司，实现规模化经营，提高农民的组织化程度。土地入了股，成为股份制企业的集体化法人财产，农民不能再支配。在市场化环境中，企业有生有死，一旦企业破产解散，土地等资产要用于处理债权债务，不能再还原给农民，等于让农民失地。农民入股后成为股东，股东要通过股
