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1、2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案2021年考研英语(一)真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollogtet.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyeerciseprecioustohealth.”Butsomeclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenc
2、eonphysalfilnessLaughterdoesshort-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,heartrateandoygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdiffultto,agoodlaughisunlikelytohavebenefitstheway,say,walkingorjogngdoes.,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,aseercisedoes,laughterarentlyacplishesthe,studies
3、datingbacktothe1930sindatethatlaughter.muscles,Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelptheeffectsofpsychologalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesoffeedback,thatimproveanindividualsemotionalstate.oneclassaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrootedphysalreactions.Itwasargueda
4、ttheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcrytheyaresadbuttheybeesadwhentetearsbentoflow.Althoughsadnessalsotears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflowmuscularresponses.Inaneperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsycholostFritz.1AamongBeceptCdespiteDlike2AreflectBdemandCindateDproduce3AstabilizingBboostingCimpair
5、ingDdetermining4AtransmitBsustainCevaluateDobserve5AmeasurableBmanageableCaffordableDrenewable第1页共15页6AInturnBInfactCInadditionDInbrief7AoppositeBimpossibleCaverageDepected8AhardensBweakensCtightensDrelaes9AaggravateBgenerateCmoderateDenhance10AphysalBmentalCsubconsciousDinternal11AEceptforBAccordin
6、gtoCDuetoDAsfor12AwithBonCinDat13AunlessBuntilCifDbecause14AehaustsBfollowsCprecedesDsuppresses15AintoBfromCtowardsDbeyond16AfetchBbiteCpkDhold17AdisointedBecitedCjoyfulDindifferent18AadaptedBcateredCturnedDreacted19AsuggestingBrequiringCmentioningDsupposing20AEventuallyBConsequentlyCSimilarlyDConve
7、rselySectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollogfourtets.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtetbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Tet1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmontohireAlanlbertasitsmusdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassal-musworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisoint
8、mentin2021.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassal-muscrit.Oneofthereasonswhytheointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatlbertisparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedlbertsointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretent
9、iousmusianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthemusdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,Ihavenoideawhetherlbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,hep
10、erformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingpositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAvery第2页共15页FisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmus.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmyputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforlivep
11、erformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpubl,classalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theaterpanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassalmusiansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryofte
12、nmuchhigherinartistqualitythantodaysliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistenerschoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmust
13、hatisnotyetavailableonrecord.lbertsowninterestinnewmushasbeenwidelynoted:AleRoss,aclassal-muscrit,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmoninto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyepandingtheorchestrasrepertoirewillnotbeenough.Iflber
14、tandthePhilharmonaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerasoldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.21.WelearnfromPara.1thatlbertsointmenthasAincurredcritism.Braisedsuspion.Creceivedacclaim.Darousedcuriosity.22.TommasiniregardslbertasanartistwhoisAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.TheauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoersAignoretheepensesofliveperformances.Brejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.Ceaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.Doverestimatethevalueoflive第3页共15页performan
