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1、Unit2 Healthy eating语法篇_要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法-情态动词表示推测的用法。一、情态动词表推测：1. 大多数情态动词（除表能力、许可、意志外），都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。按可能性程度的高低排列为：must will would ought to should 完全肯定 完全可能 很可能 can could may might 可能 有可能2. 区分情态动词的否定含义：may not或许不、可能不 might not可能不 cant 不可能mustnt不许、禁止 shouldnt不应该 neednt 不必3. 情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推
2、测。S主+情态动词 + be + adj对“性质”“特征”的推测S主+情态动词 + be + n对“职业”“事物”的推测S主+情态动词 + 动词原形对经常性行为的推测:I guess he might come tomorrow.S主+情态动词 + be + V-ing对进行着的行为的推测：He may be waiting at the station.S主+情态动词 + have + PP对过去的行为的推测情态动词表推测时：1.can只能用于否定句和疑问句2.must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）3.如句中有情态动词 + 完成时，定是对过去的推测。4.句中如有表
3、示不肯定的话语：I am not sure; I dont know 之类，常选may /might的各种形式。5. “could +have done”除了表示对过去的行为进行推测外，还可表示曾有能力做某事，但并没有做，或者表示某事可能发生但并没有发生，含有轻微的责备或批评的意义，常译作“本来可以”、“本来能”等。这一用法一般只用于肯定句中。Eg. I could have passed the exam, but I didnt study hard.我本来能够通过考试，但却没努力学习4. 表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式1). could + have + P.P.表示本来能做到，但事实上没有
4、做到。He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2) . couldnt +have + P.P.表示本来不能做到，但已经做到了。She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.3) neednt + have + P.P.表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。She neednt have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.4. ) sho
5、uld/ought to +have + P.P.表示该做而没有做The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot more water.5) shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + P.P.表示不该做而做了。You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike without permission.5. 注意：must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）1. must + have + P.P. 表示对过去肯定的推测，“一定是，准是”The road is wet
6、. It must have rained yesterday.2. can + have + P.P. 表示对过去的推测（限于问句中）Can she have said so? 他可能这样说吗？3. cant + have + P.P. 表示对过去的否定推测He cannot have said such a foolish thing.二、情态动词表推测的反意疑问句1. 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。2. 以 must 为例：Eg.1. You must be hungry now, arent you? 2. He
7、 must be watching TV , isnt he ? 3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?注：如选择题中（以She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she？为例）既有didnt she又有hasnt she则以didnt she？为最佳答案。1. It_ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise beca
8、use you know a lot of words.A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt解析：根据句意“不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题，因为你知道了很多词汇。”可以得出此处表示否定的推测。答案：B。2. (2019全国大纲)Although you _find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.A. should B. need C. must D. can解析：根据句意“尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。”此处can意为“能”的意思。答案：D。
9、3. (2019陕西)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who _ have taken it?A. need B. must C. should D. could解析：根据句意“我的书丢了。可能会是谁拿走了呢？”从语境分析,could在此处表示对过去“可能性”的推测。答案：D。4.(2019浙江) I_ myself moreit was a perfect day.A. shouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyedC. wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enj
10、oyed 解析：根据句意“我从未玩得更开心过这是完美的一天。”shouldnt have done表示“本不应该做而事实上已经做了”；neednt have done表示“本没有必要做而事实上已经做了”；wouldnt have done用于虚拟语气；couldnt have done表示“不可能做过”。此处用not和比较级连用表达最高级的含义,意为“从未比这更高兴过”。答案：D。5. If I_ it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.A. didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. had
11、nt seen解析：根据句意“如果不是亲眼所见，我根本不会相信”，本题考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反。”答案：D。基础演练1. - What does the sign over there read? -“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must2. -Im sorry. I_ at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A.
12、shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted3. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would4. -She looks very happy. She_ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might5.
13、 -Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.- You _ it in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have putKeys: 1-5 CBACD巩固提高1. -Im very sorry. I_ but I had a visitor at the last minute.A. would like have B. would like to C. had planned to D. were going to2. - Havent your returned the books to the school library?- No, I_, but I forgot.A. should B. must C. should have D. must have3. Most Chinese people are lea
