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1、路由器广域网PPP封装配置一、实验目的1. 掌握广域网HDLC封装配置2. 理解DCE、DTE3. 理解封装匹配二、应用环境1. 企业环境中异地的互连通常要经过第三方的网络，比如网通、电信等等，所以与局域网的配置不同2. 广域网通常需要付费、带宽比较有限、可靠性相比局域网要低3. PPP是一种比HDLC功能丰富的广域网封装协议，支持身份认证、多链路捆绑等三、实验设备1. DCR-1702两台2. CR-V35MT一条3. CR-V35FC一条四、实验拓扑五、实验要求Router-ARouter-B接口IP地址接口IP地址S1/1DCE192.168.1.1S1/0 DTE192.168.1.2
2、六、实验步骤第一步 Router-A的配置Routerenable！进入特权模式Router #config！进入全局配置模式Router _config#hostname Router-A！修改机器名Router-A_config#interface s1/1！进入接口模式Router-A_config_s1/1#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0！配置IP地址Router-A_config_s1/1#encapsulation PPP！封装PPP协议Router-A_config_s1/1#physical-layer speed 64000！配置DC
3、E时钟频率Router-A_config_s1/1#no shutdownRouter-A_config_s1/1#Z！按ctrl + z进入特权模式第二步：查看配置Router-A#show interface s1/1！查看接口状态Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is down！对端没有配置，所以协议是DOWN Mode=Sync DCE Speed=64000！查看DCE DTR=UP,DSR=UP,RTS=UP,CTS=DOWN,DCD=UP Interface address is 192.168.1.1/24！查看IP地址 MTU 1500 bytes
4、, BW 64 kbit, DLY 2000 usec Encapsulation prototol PPP, link check interval is 10 sec！查看封装协议Octets Received0, Octets Sent 0Frames Received 0, Frames Sent 0, Link-check Frames Received0Link-check Frames Sent 89, LoopBack times 0Frames Discarded 0, Unknown Protocols Frames Received 0, Sent failuile 0
5、Link-check Timeout 0, Queue Error 0, Link Error 0, 60 second input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec! 60 second output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec! 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 8 unused_rx, 0 no buffer 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 8 packets output, 192 bytes, 0 unused_t
6、x, 0 underruns error: 0 clock, 0 grace PowerQUICC SCC specific errors: 0 recv allocb mblk fail 0 recv no buffer0 transmitter queue full 0 transmitter hwqueue_full第三步：Router-B的配置Routerenable！进入特权模式Router #config！进入全局配置模式Router _config#hostname Router-B！修改机器名Router-B_config#interface s1/0！进入接口模式Router
7、-B_config_s1/0#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0！配置IP地址Router-B_config_s1/0#encapsulation PPP！封装PPP协议Router-B_config_s1/0#no shutdownRouter-B_config_s1/0#Z！按ctrl + z进入特权模式第四步：查看配置Router-A#show interface s1/0！查看接口状态Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up！接口和协议都是up Mode=Sync DTE！查看DTE DTR=UP,DSR=UP,RT
8、S=UP,CTS=DOWN,DCD=UP Interface address is 192.168.1.2/24！查看IP地址 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 kbit, DLY 2000 usec Encapsulation prototol PPP, link check interval is 10 sec！查看封装协议Octets Received0, Octets Sent 0Frames Received 0, Frames Sent 0, Link-check Frames Received0Link-check Frames Sent 89, LoopBack ti
9、mes 0Frames Discarded 0, Unknown Protocols Frames Received 0, Sent failuile 0 Link-check Timeout 0, Queue Error 0, Link Error 0, 60 second input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec! 60 second output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec! 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 8 unused_rx, 0 no buffer 0 input errors, 0 CRC,
10、0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 8 packets output, 192 bytes, 0 unused_tx, 0 underruns error: 0 clock, 0 grace PowerQUICC SCC specific errors: 0 recv allocb mblk fail 0 recv no buffer0 transmitter queue full 0 transmitter hwqueue_full第五步：测试连通性Router-A#ping 192.168.1.2PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.
11、1.2): 56 data bytes!- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 20/22/30 ms七、注意事项和排错1. 注意查看接口状态，接口和协议都必须是UP2. CR-V35FC所连的接口为DCE，CR-V35MT所连的接口为DTE3. 协议是DOWN，通常是封装不匹配、DCE时钟没有配置4. 接口是DOWN，通常是线缆故障5. 在实际工作中，DCE设备通常由服务提供商配置，本实验是模拟环境八、配置序
12、列路由器A的序列Router-A#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 1.3.2Eservice timestamps log dateservice timestamps debug dateno service password-encryption!hostname Router-A！查看机器名!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0！查看IP地址 no ip directed-broadcas
13、t!interface Serial1/1 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0！查看IP地址 no ip directed-broadcast physical-layer speed 64000!interface Async0/0 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast九、共同思考1. PPP与HDLC的区别是什么？十、课后练习请将A的封装改为frame-relay（帧中继），观察PING的结果十一、相关命令详解encapsulation使用encapsulation接口配置命令设置接口使用的封装协议。使用这个命令
14、的no形式恢复缺省封装encapsulation encapsulation-type参数参数参数说明encapsulation-type封装类型，为下面的关键字之一：frame-relay帧中继（用于串行接口）；hdlc串行接口的HDLC协议，它提供HDLC的同步帧和检错功能而无窗口或重传机制；pppPPP（用于串行接口）；slipSLIP（用于串行接口）；x25X.25（用于串行接口）；sdlc串行接口的SDLC协议；缺省缺省值与接口的类型有关。例如，同步串行接口缺省为HDLC，异步接口和拨号接口缺省为PPP。命令模式接口配置态使用说明若想同时支持多个封装，可以使用autoselect命令。此命令设置接口的主要封装协议。可以使用show interface命令显示接口的主要封装。目前此命令只在串行接口有效。示例下面的例子设置串行接口1/1上的帧中继封装：interface serial 1/1encapsulation fra
