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1、状语从句 在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结 果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner.than, hardly/scarcely.when, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next t
2、ime, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly 等。1表示“一就”的句型1）as soon as/onceAs soon as he arrives, Ill call you.他一到，我就给你打电话。（as soon as侧重时间或动 作先后衔接紧，而 once 侧重条件，表示“一旦.”）2）on doing sth/on ones + n.作时间状语On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。On
3、 his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到达巴 黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱。3）no sooner .than , hardly/scarcely.when它们表“就”结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。）No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the
4、 phone rang. 我一进屋，电话就响了。注意 当no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装，如：I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我刚到车站，车就开走了。I had scarcely（ hardly）entered the room when the phone rang.4）the moment, the instant, the minute, the secondThe moment I saw him, I recognized him.我一看见他，就认出了他
5、。Well leave the minute you are ready.你一准备好，我们就出发。5）有些副词如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从句。I left immediately the clock struck 5.我刚走，钟就敲了五点。2when, while, as引导时间状语从句1） when 的用法 when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主 从句动作可同时也可先后发生。I was thin when I was a child. 当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。It was raining w
6、hen I arrived.我到达时，天正在下雨。 在when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语相同或为it,且从句有be动 词，则从句可省主语和be动词，如：When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man.当你有麻烦时，可以找这个人。She is always listening to music when(she is) doing her homework. 当她做作业时，总是 听音乐。 when在下列结构中，译成“这时，它引导的是并列句be about to do . when, be doing . when, had do
7、ne when,be on ones way . when, be on the point of doing . when (参见“连词”部分 when 的用 法)2) while 用法while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动 作，相当于 during the time thatMy mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。I am safe while I am here .我在这儿的时候，我很安全。注意 while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”
8、讲；并可在句首引出让 步状语从句作“虽然但”讲。I like watching TV， while he likes reading.我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。While he has his own car， he often uses mine. 尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。3) as 的用法 as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。 As I left the house, I forgot the key.我离家时，忘了带钥匙。 as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着”的意思，表时间的推移。如： As I get older， I get m
9、ore optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。 as表“一边边”，引出伴随动作。He hurried home， looking behind as he went.他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。 用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。As he was going out， it began to rain. 当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。 as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。As a boy (when he was a boy)， he was hopeless at maths. 当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。3. before 引导的时间状语从句 before引导的时
10、间状语从句不用否定式谓语。Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在他们到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。 在“It be +时间段+ before从句句型中，肯定句译成“(之后)才”否定句译成 “就”。该句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时三个时态，且有否定句。It will be some time before. do.It was some time before.did.It would be some time before.did.It was long before.did“很久才”It wasnt long
11、 before.did.“不久就.”It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers. 多年以后化学物质才开始从容器中逃逸。It was not long before he came back.不久他就回来了。It was a long time before he got to sleep again. 很久他才再次入睡。It was a week before he could tell his story. 一个星期后他才能讲述他的经历。It wasnt long before
12、he told us about himself. 不久他就给我们讲述了他自己的故事。before可译成“未来得及”He had measured me before I could get a word. 我还未来得及插话，他就量好了尺寸。before 可译成“趁着还没” Ill write it down before I forget. 趁着还没忘我要把它写下来。4. until 和 till1) “延续性动词肯定式+until”表示“动作延续到为止，”译为“直到为止”，如： I waited for him until he came back. 我一直等到他回来。2) “终止性动词的
13、否定式+ unti 1”表示“直到才”He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work. 直到完成工作他才睡觉。3) 用于强调句式 “ It is not until .that .”It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 在教授到来之后，我们才开始实验。4) not until 放在句首时，主句倒装。Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining this compound. 直到他毕业他才成功 获
14、得这种化合物。注意 句首和强调句中要用unti 1，而不用till； not.unti1句型中不用till。5. since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从时起”，主句要用完成时。 Mr. Li has been here since he came back.自从李先生回来以后，他一直在这儿。I havent heard from him since he lived here.自从他住在这儿以来，我就没有收到过他的来信。Ive known Mr. Smith since I was a boy. 我小的时候就认识史密斯先生了。6. 时间状语从句的省略式当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语相同或为it
15、,从句又含be动词时，从句可省略主语 和 be 动词。在不产生歧义时，连词也可省去。如：Once （it is） seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦被看见过，永远也不会被忘记。二、地点状语从句1. 地点状语从句主要由 where, wherever anywhere, everywhere 引导。 We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。I will follow you wherever you go. 无论你到何处我都要跟随你。2. 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where 引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。Go back where you came from.（where 引导地点状语从句）Go back to the village where you came from.（where引导定语从句，village为先行词）三、原因状语从句原因状语从句由 because, as , since, now （that）（既然）,in that（因为，多于口语中）,se
