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1、第11章 状语从句（一） 在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。 一、时间状语从句 时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况： Awhen, while, as, whenever when, while, as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。 1when when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表
2、示段时间时，用持续性动词。 When I got home, my family were having dinner. When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. He waved a hello when he saw her. When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something. 注意： 当when意思是正当时候（and at that moment）时，when只能跟在前一分句之后。 He was about to go to bed
3、 when the doorbel rang. They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out. 有时when表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since。 He walks when he might take a taxi. How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 2while while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。 Strike while the iron is hot. She fell aslee
4、p while she was reading the newspaper. while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。 I am fond of English while he likes maths. We slept while the captain kept watch. while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。 While they love te children, they are strict with them. 提示： 虽然during 与 while 意思很相近，但是during是介词，不能引导从句。 3as as表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段
5、时间时，用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。 The thief was caught as/ when he was stealing in the supermarket. I saw Jim as/ when he left the meeting room. as表示 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 They talked as they walked. He looked behind from time to time as he went. as表示随着 As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer
6、. As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom. 4when, while, as的用法区别 只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。 I got the news on the radio when/ while/ as I was having breakfast. 在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用： aas更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。 We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar. I thought of
7、 it just as you opened your mouth. As he grew older, he became less and less active. 提示： 状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。 bwhen更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。 When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone. When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten
8、minutes. cwhile从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。 She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter. d若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as场合多于when。 As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause. 5whenever whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。 You are always welc
9、ome whenever you come. Whenever we met with diffiulties, they came to help us. Bbefore, after 1before before表示在一段时间之前。 I must finish all the work before go home. You must first learn to walk before you try to run. He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 提示： before 从句往往带有否定的含
10、义。 He ran off before I could stop him. Thke it down berore you forget it. 必背： before 常用句型 It is / was / will be before It wil be five years before we meet again. It will be not long before you regret what you have done. It was not long before I realized I was wrong. 2after after表在一段时间之后。 Lets play f
11、ootball after school is over. The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. Ctill, until 1until/till用于肯定句时，表示直到 为止，主句必须为持续性动词。 We shall wait until / till he comes back. Everthing went well until/till that accident happened. 2 notuntil/till表示直到 才 ，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till可用before代替。 I didnt leave unt
12、il / till / before she came back. Bells dont ring till/ until you strike them. Peopl do not know the value of their health till/ until/ before they lose it. 3当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。 Not until she stopped crying did I leave. 注意： until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。 4在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用ti
13、ll。 It was not until she took off her drk glasses that I recognized her. Dsince, ever since 1since自以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。 It has been just a week since we arrived here. Where haveyou been since I last saw you? Since she was young, she has been collecting
14、 stamps. 提示： 有时since 从句中也可以用延续性动词，注意它的译法。 Tom is now working on the farm.Its two years since he was a college student. 2ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。 Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily. 3since还可以用作副词或介词。 The big clock was damaged during the war and
15、 has been sient（ever）since. My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s. He has been living there（ever）since. You have made great achievements in your work since graduation. Eas soon as as soon as.可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。 He will come and see you as soon as he can. He rushed home as soon as he got the good news. 必背： 一就还可以用on/upon doing 结构来表示。 On arriving home he called up Lester. = As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester. F immediately/ instantly / directly 相当于as soon as，从句
