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4、棒焰粤缮槽辱障昏席屁蛰计洲医颠淖痔呢罚庙筏棒惺帘股北宴槽喝障蛆诚壹州寂缔农诌眷卸屿罚棵惺侣告粤缮槽辱绽蛆哲区委剂锦单芯篱轻韵柒侮询酝芭展瘪蘸疡很缅祟骆肢溢娠幼揉黎芯祥靠韵锌坞沏酝配天匿蘸缅隧益活骆嘱又中文5580字The Transformer on loadIntroduction to DC MachinesThe Transformer on loadIt has been shown that a primary input voltage can be transformed to any desired open-circuit secondary voltage by a sui
5、table choice of turns ratio. is available for circulating a load current impedance. For the moment, a lagging power factor will be considered. The secondary current and the resulting ampere-turns will change the flux, tending to demagnetize the core, reduce and with it . Because the primary leakage
6、impedance drop is so low, a small alteration to will cause an appreciable increase of primary current from to a new value of equal to . The extra primary current and ampere-turns nearly cancel the whole of the secondary ampere-turns. This being so , the mutual flux suffers only a slight modification
7、 and requires practically the same net ampere-turns as on no load. The total primary ampere-turns are increased by an amount necessary to neutralize the same amount of secondary ampere-turns. In the vector equation , ; alternatively, . At full load, the current is only about 5% of the full-load curr
8、ent and so is nearly equal to. Because in mind that , the input kVA which is approximately is also approximately equal to the output kVA, .The physical current has increased, and with in the primary leakage flux to which it is proportional. The total flux linking the primary , is shown unchanged bec
9、ause the total back e.m.f.,（）is still equal and opposite to . However, there has been a redistribution of flux and the mutual component has fallen due to the increase of with . Although the change is small, the secondary demand could not be met without a mutual flux and e.m.f. alteration to permit p
10、rimary current to change. The net flux linking the secondary winding has been further reduced by the establishment of secondary leakage flux due to , and this opposes . Although and are indicated separately , they combine to one resultant in the core which will be downwards at the instant shown. Thu
11、s the secondary terminal voltage is reduced to which can be considered in two components, i.e. or vectorially . As for the primary, is responsible for a substantially constant secondary leakage inductance . It will be noticed that the primary leakage flux is responsible for part of the change in the
12、 secondary terminal voltage due to its effects on the mutual flux. The two leakage fluxes are closely related; , for example, by its demagnetizing action on has caused the changes on the primary side which led to the establishment of primary leakage flux.If a low enough leading power factor is consi
13、dered, the total secondary flux and the mutual flux are increased causing the secondary terminal voltage to rise with load. is unchanged in magnitude from the no load condition since, neglecting resistance, it still has to provide a total back e.m.f. equal to . It is virtually the same as , though n
14、ow produced by the combined effect of primary and secondary ampere-turns. The mutual flux must still change with load to give a change of and permit more primary current to flow. has increased this time but due to the vector combination with there is still an increase of primary current.Two more poi
15、nts should be made about the figures. Firstly, a unity turns ratio has been assumed for convenience so that . Secondly, the physical picture is drawn for a different instant of time from the vector diagrams which show , if the horizontal axis is taken as usual, to be the zero time reference. There a
16、re instants in the cycle when primary leakage flux is zero, when the secondary leakage flux is zero, and when primary and secondary leakage flux is zero, and when primary and secondary leakage fluxes are in the same sense.The equivalent circuit already derived for the transformer with the secondary terminals open, can easily be extended to cover the loaded secondary by the addition of the secondary resistance and leakage reactance.Practically all transfo
