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1、安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）灰树花多糖的提取及其水提物的抑菌摘 要近年来随着国家经济的发展及生活水平的提高，人们越来越关注绿色健康食品，而灰树花作为一种食、药兼用的菌类，具有很好的保健作用和很高的药用价值。灰树花其主要活性成份是灰树花蛋白多糖，多糖组份中以葡聚糖为主，以具有-（16）分支的-（13）葡聚糖为基本结构，含少量的木糖和甘露糖。 研究结果表明，灰树花多糖主要通过增强细胞免疫功能而发挥其抗肿瘤作用，在基因水平上，本品有较强的抗化学诱变作用，可用于慢性乙型肝炎及恶性肿瘤放化疗后乏力、白细胞减少、免疫功能降低的综合治疗，并且对艾滋病的预防有一定作用。临床上灰树花多糖口服有效，安全无毒。灰树
2、花多糖具有抗肿瘤、抗高血压、降低血糖、抗肥胖、抗肝炎的药效。据美国一些癌症专门治疗医院临场实验表明，在化学治疗癌症的同时，用灰树花多糖抑制癌细胞比单纯化疗更见效果。日本医学专家用灰树花多糖进行抗肿瘤体内试验，结果表明，灰树花多糖抑制率可达86.5%，比国际认证的抗癌新药香菇多糖抑制率高出32%。 实验中通过对温度、料液比、提取时间的单因素试验和正交试验得出提取灰树花多糖的最优条件，再通过灰树花水提物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌试验以及氯化汞、乙醇、新洁尔灭、青霉素的抑菌对照实验探究灰树花水提物的实际抑菌效果。结果显示，在温度80、料液比80:1、提取时间3h的单因子条件下提取
3、率最高；在单因子试验的基础上对温度、料液比、提取时间进行正交试验，得到最优条件：80、60:1、1.5h，提取率达到7.94。在灰树花水提物的抑菌效果实验中，得到对枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为1:1，抑菌圈直径为8.74mm；大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为1:1，抑菌圈直径为10.23mm；金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为1:8，抑菌圈直径为12.42mm。而在氯化汞（0.3%）、乙醇（75%）、新洁尔灭（1:2）、青霉素（1.6105IU）的抑菌对照实验中对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径依次为：8.15mm、10.24mm、12.65mm、9.22mm、7.96mm、12.91m
4、m、13.21mm、10.79mm、8.58mm、12.53mm、14.4mm、11.21mm。 近年来，灰树花作为一种高级保健食品，风行日本、新加坡等市场。经测定，灰树花中的多糖以-葡聚糖(glucan)为主，其中抗癌活性最强，带6条支链的-(1，3)-葡聚糖占相当大的比重，据说比已经面市的香菇多糖(Lentinan，日本 的PSK,)、云芝多糖 (上海的PSP)等有更强的抗癌能力。据专家评价，灰树花具有防癌、抗癌，抗衰老、促进性腺功能，防治糖尿病，抑制肥胖，双向调节血压，治疗动脉硬化和脑血栓等症，口服能美容和滋润皮肤、延缓老年斑出现，增加食欲、提高免疫力、增强记忆力等医疗保健功能。因此有“
5、食用菌王子”之美称，是极具发展前景的高档食用菌。关键词：灰树花；多糖；提取率；抑菌效果Polysaccharide Extraction and bacteriostatic water extract Abstract In recent years, as the countrys economic development and the improvement of living standards, people are increasingly concerned about green and healthy food, and Grifola frondosa as a food
6、, medicine used along with fungi, with good health care and high medicinal value. The main active ingredient is Grifola frondosa proteoglycans, dextran polysaccharide component in order mainly to a -(1 6) branches of the -(1 3) glucan as the basic structure, containing a small amount of xylose and m
7、annose. The results show that grifolan primarily by enhancing immune function and exert its anti-tumor effect, at the gene level, the product has a strong resistance to chemical mutagenesis can be used for chronic hepatitis B and after cancer chemotherapy fatigue, leukopenia, decreased immune functi
8、on of comprehensive treatment and prevention of AIDS have a role. Clinically grifolan orally active, safe and non-toxic. Polysaccharide with anti-tumor, anti-high blood pressure, lower blood sugar, anti-obesity, anti-hepatitis efficacy. According to the American Hospital specializes in the treatment
9、 of some cancers spot experiments show that the chemical treatment of cancer at the same time, with the inhibition of cancer cell grifolan even more effects than chemotherapy alone. Japanese medical experts with in vivo antitumor grifolan test results show that the inhibition rate grifolan up 86.5%,
10、 compared with the international certification of new anticancer drugs inhibit the rate of lentinan 32%.Through experiments, the temperature, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time, single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment to extract Polysaccharide optimum conditions, and through the maitake
11、extract on Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus Staphylococcus bacteria tests and mercuric chloride, ethanol, benzalkonium bromide, penicillin inhibitory control experiments to explore the actual water extract Maitake antibacterial effect. The results show that at a temperature of 80
12、, solid-liquid ratio of 80:1, the extraction time 3h under the conditions of a single factor highest extraction rate; single factor tests based on the temperature, the solid-liquid ratio, extraction time orthogonal test, the most excellent condition: 80 , 60:1,1.5 h, the extraction rate reached 7.94
13、 percent. In Maitake antibacterial effect of aqueous extract experiments, Bacillus subtilis get the minimum inhibitory concentration of 1:1, inhibition zone diameter is 8.74mm; E. The minimum inhibitory concentration of 1:1 inhibition zone diameter of 10.23mm; Staphylococcus aureus minimum inhibitor
14、y concentration of 1:8, inhibition zone diameter of 12.42mm. In mercuric chloride (0.3%), ethanol (75%), benzalkonium bromide (1:2), penicillin (1.6 105IU) inhibitory control experiments on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria diameter circle were: 8.15mm, 10.24mm, 12.
15、65mm, 9.22mm, 7.96mm, 12.91mm, 13.21mm, 10.79mm, 8.58mm, 12.53mm, 14.4mm, 11.21mm.In recent years, Grifola frondosa as a senior health food, popular in Japan, Singapore and other markets. The determination of frondosa polysaccharide to -glucan (glucan)-based, anti-cancer activity of which the strong
16、est, with 6 branched -(1,3) - glucan accounted for a large proportion , is said to have been available for more than lentinan (Lentinan, Japan, PSK,), PSK (Shanghai, PSP) and so have a stronger ability to fight cancer. According to expert assessment, Grifola frondosa has anti-cancer, anti-cancer, anti-aging, promote gonadal function, diabetes, inhibit obesity, bidirectional regulation of blood pressure, treatment of atheros
