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1、高三英语定语从句第一轮复习说课稿赵迪一对教材分析定语从句是高考中一个非常重要的考点，高考试卷中几乎每个大题都能见到它的身影。掌握好定语从句不仅可以在单选、完形填空，阅读理解中得到高的分数，而且对于书面表达的完成也有非常重要的作用，定语从句的使用会让阅卷的老师眼前一亮，作文档次就提高了。所以定语从句是高三复习中的重中之重。二对学生的分析由于我校学生英语基础较薄弱，词汇量严重不足，不少学生连初中最简单的语法都不懂，所以这节课设计比较简单，让绝大多数学生掌握定语从句的最基本的用法和把握高考的方向。三教学目标知识目标 1. 使学生充分明确什么是定语，什么是从句，以及由此构成的定语从句的概念及性质。 2
2、. 掌握定语从句中的先行词，关系词的概念，以及在定语从句中的使用。能力目标 1. 通过这堂课的讲解练习，学生能够清楚的掌握定语从句的用法。 2.对于易混知识点能够做到各个击破，不会再混淆各个知识点之间的运用。四重点难点重点 关系代词和关系副词的用法。 难点 如何选择连接词。五教学过程设计导入设计 采用一个简单的句子引出定语从句，了解什么是先行词，什么是关系词以及关系词的作用及分类。There was an earthquake which happenedin Tangshan in 1976.然后让学生了解各个关系代词在定语从句中的替代成分，这儿特别强调关系代词充当宾语时可以省略，介词不提前
3、的情况下。考点一：定语从句的基本用法1 关系词的作用(1)关系词的作用有三个：连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来；替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；成分作用：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语成分。关系副词在从句中充当状语试比较下面的句子：Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?你还记得我们在青
4、岛过暑假的日子吗？2.易混关系代词辨析(1)关系代词that和which先行词是物时，关系代词that，which一般可以通用，但也有区别。1)只能用that的情况先行词为指物的不定代词(all, nothing, the one, much等)或被不定代词修饰时，如：You can take any seat that is free.Tell us all that you know.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，如：That is the first composition that Ive written in English.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，如：This
5、 is the best way that has been used against pollution.当人和物同为先行词时，如：Everyone wants to see the spaceship and the spaceman that made the flight around the earth.关系代词在从句中作表语时，如：He is no longer the man (that) he used to be.先行词被the only，the very修饰时，如：That is the very pen (that) I am looking for.2)只能用which
6、的情况关系代词前有介词时，如：Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.非限制性定语从句中，如：The weather turned out to be very good, which was better than we could expect.3). who和that先行词是人时，关系代词可用 who(m)，that引导定语从句，但下列情况一般用who，而不用that。先行词是one，ones，anyone或anybody，those时，如：Anyone who breaks the law should be punished
7、.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系词是that时，如：The student that won the first prize is the monitor who speaks English best in our class.4).whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。如：George Orwell，whose real name was Eric Arthur，wrote many political novels.（the real name of whom)The librarian refused to accept the book，whose cover w
8、as gone when it was returned. (the cover of which)3关系代词的省略作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但前面不能有介词。如：This is the man ( who/whom/that) we have talked about.This is the man about whom we have talked .1. I know the reason _ he came late.2. Do you know the woman, _son went to college last year?3. The house _ color is red
9、is Johns.4. This is the best film _ Ive ever seen.5. Thats the town _ he worked in 1987.6. I have 2 brothers, _ are both soldiers.7. Next week, _ youll spend in your hometown ,is coming.8. Ive tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of _ fits me well.4.关系副词的用法1当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when表示时间的介词(如：in，at，dur
10、ing等)which；where表示地点的介词(如：in，at，on，under等)which；whyforwhich。如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (whenon which)Can you tell me the office where he works? (wherein which)Do you know the reason why he is absent? (whyfor which)5.高考对关系副词where的考查高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词由“明显的地点”转为“地点的模
11、糊化”。如先行词为case,conditon,situation,point和stage等时，定语从句中缺状语，用where引导定语从句The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.事情发展到如此程度，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。The shop _ I bought the book is big.The shop _ I bought the book in is big.The shop _ is located nearby my house is big.The reas
12、on _ he was late is unkown.The reason _ he told me for his absence is not true.考点二 “介词which/whom”中介词的选择关系代词前面的介词使用是根据与名词前面的动词搭配关系和介词的搭配关系及句子结构上的需要而定的。如：Well never forget the day on which we went camping. The woman to whom we spoke is from the USA. This is the person(whom)you are looking for.考点三：限制性和
13、非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句起修饰限制的作用，是主句不可缺少的一部分，与先行词无逗号隔开，翻泽成中文常译成前置定语。如：Those who want to go sign their names on the paper.那些想去的人把他们的名字签在纸上。非限制性的定语从句对先行词起补充说明的作用，省去不影响句子意思，常用逗号隔开，翻译成中文时，常译成并列分句。如：This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago.这便条是约翰留的，他刚才还在这儿。关系代词as和which引导的非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，as既可指人又可指物
14、,引导的从句子可位于句中、句首、句末，指整个句子，而which不仅可指整个句子还可以指单个名词。as有正如，而 which 没有这个意思：The meeting，which was held in the park，was a success.The meeting was a success，as was expected.注意：why和that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 在非限制性定语从句中，关系词都不能省略。3注意way后接定语从句的情况(1)当先行词是way意为“方式、方法”时，在定语从句作状语，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如：What surprised me was not
15、 what he said but the way thatin which不填he said it.使我感到惊奇的不是他说了什么，而是他说话的方式。考点四：定语从句中的主谓一致关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。如：I，who am your friend，will leave for Beijing tomorrow.在非限制性定语从句中，which和as指代一个句子时，从句谓语动词用单数。如：Mary is often late for class，which makes our teacher very unhappy.当先行词被the only/the very修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数，若仅有one of修饰时则从句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：He is one of the students who want to be a doctor in the future.He is the
