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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis an
2、d Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Appolo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperative
3、s, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.Today Mars looms as humanitys next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growin
4、g emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planets reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at la
5、st destined to take leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiments that only humans could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes
6、are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial f
7、ossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose ind
8、ependently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.1.According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown place in thepast was（ ）.2.At present, a probable i
9、nducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is （ ）.3.What is the main goal of sending human missions to Mars?4.By saying “With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been”(linel, Para.4), the author means that （ ）.5.The passage tells us that proof of li
10、fe on Mars would（ ）.问题1选项A.to display their countrys military mightB.to accomplish some significant scienceC.to find new areas for colonizationD.to pursue commercial and state interests问题2选项A.international cooperationB.nationalistic reasonsC.scientific researchD.long-term profits问题3选项A.To find out i
11、f life ever existed there.B.To see if humans could survive there.C.To prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures.D.To show the leading role of science in space exploration.问题4选项A.with Mars the risks involved are much greater than any previous space venturesB.in the case of Mars, the rewards
12、 of scientific exploration can by very highC.in the case of Mars, much more research funds are needed than ever beforeD.with Mars, scientists argue, the fundamental interests of science are issue问题5选项A.make clear the complex chemistry in the development of lifeB.confirm the suggestion that bacterial
13、 fossils traveled to Earth on a meteoriteC.reveal the kind of conditions under which life originatesD.provide an explanation why life is common in the universe【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节判断题。文章开头指出 For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that
14、were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic.即近几个世纪以来，出于不同程度的经济利益或国家利益考虑，探险家们冒着生命危险探索着未知领域。D选项追求商业和国家利益符合题意。2.细节判断题。根据文章第三段第二句And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in lar
15、ge space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planets reddish surface.即由于不再关心短期的经济回报，冷战的阴影也日渐退去，各国家更加重视彼此之间航空探险合作。除了经济或民族主义，责任感使得人类开始踏上探索火星的征程。 推断出如今各国家发起大规模的航空探险是出于科学研究考虑，而并非为了军备竞赛或只图短期利益。C选项符合题意。3.推理判
16、断题。根据文章最后一段末尾If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.即如果证实生命曾经在火星和地球上独立地出现过，那么这将会解开科学史上最大的谜团一一在整个宇宙中，生命肯定也普遍存在于其他星球上。确定A选项把人送上火星是为了证实那里曾经有生命出现过符合题意。4
