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1、Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of StatesSigned at Montevideo, 26 December 1933Entered into Force, 26 December 1934Article 8 reaffirmed by Protocol, 23 December 1936 Bolivia alone amongst the states represented at the Seventh International Conference of American States did not sign th
2、e Convention. The United States of America, Peru, and Brazil ratified the Convention with reservations directly attached to the document. CONVENTION ON RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATES The Governments represented in the Seventh International Conference of American States: Wishing to conclude a Convention
3、 on Rights and Duties of States, have appointed the following Plenipotentiaries: Honduras:Miguel PAZ BaraonaAugusto C. COELLOLuis BOGRANUnited States of America:Cordell HULLAlexander W. WEDDELLJ. Reuben CLARKJ. Butler WRIGHTSpruille BRADENMiss Sophonisba P. BRECKINRIDGEEl Salvador:Hector David CASTR
4、OArturo Ramon AVILAJ. Cipriano CASTRODominican Republic:Tulio M. CESTEROHaiti:Justin BARAUFrancis SALGADOAntoine PIERRE-PAULEdmond MANGONESArgentina:Carlos SAAVEDRA LamasJuan F. CAFFERATARamon S. CASTILLOCarlos BREBBIAIsidoro RUIZ MorenoLuis A. PODESTA CostaRaul PREBISCHDaniel ANTOKOLETZVenezuela:Ce
5、sar ZUMETALuis CHURTONJos Rafael MONTILLAUruguay:Alberto MANEJuan Jos AMEZAGAJos G. ANTUNAJuan Carlos BLANCOSenora Sofia A. V. DE DEMICHELIMartin R. ECHEGOYENLuis Alberto DE HERRERAPedro MANINI RiosMateo MARQUES CastroRodolfo MEZZERAOctavio MORATALuis MORQUIOTeofilo PINEYRO ChainDardo REGULESJos SER
6、RATOJos Pedro VARELAParaguay:Justo Pastor BENITEZGeronimo RIARTHoracio A. FERNANDEZSenorita Maria F. GONZALEZMexico:Jos Manuel PUIG CasaurancAlfonso REYESBasilio VADILLO Genaro V. VASQUEZ Romeo ORTEGA Manuel J. SIERRA Eduardo SUAREZPanama:J. D. AROSEMENA Eduardo E. HOLGUIN Oscar R. MULLER Magin PONS
7、Bolivia:Casto ROJAS David ALVESTEGUI Arturo PINTO EscalierGuatemala:Alfredo SKINNER KleeJos GONZALEZ Campo Carlos SALAZAR Manuel ARROYOBrazil:Afranio DE MELLO Franco Lucillo A. DA CUNHA Bueno Francisco Luis DA SILVA Campos Gilberto AMADO Carlos CHAGAS Samuel RIBEIROEcuador:Augusto AGUIRRE Aparicio H
8、umberto ALBORNOZ Antonio PARRA Carlos PUIG VilassarArturo SCARONENicaragua:Leonardo ARGUELLO Manuel CORDERO Reyes Carlos CUADRA PasosColombia:Alfonso LOPEZRaimundo RIVASJos CAMACEO CarrenoChile:Miguel CRUCHAGA TocornalOctavio SENORET SilvaGustavo RIVERAJos Ramon GUTIERREZFelix NIETO DEL RIOFrancisco
9、 FIGUEROA SanchezBenjamin COHENPeru:Alfredo SOLE Y MUROFelipe BARREDA LaosLuis Fernan CISNEROSCuba:Angel Alberto GIRAUDYHerminio PORTELL VilaAlfredo NOGUEIRA Who, after having exhibited their Full Powers, which were found to be in good and due order, have agreed upon the following: Article 1 The sta
10、te as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states. Article 2 The federal state shall constitute a sole person in the eyes of internationa
11、l law. Article 3 The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states. Even before recognition the state has the right to defend its integrity and independence, to provide for its conservation and prosperity, and consequently to organize itself as it sees fit, to le
12、gislate upon its interests, administer its services, and to define the jurisdiction and competence of its courts. The exercise of these rights has no other limitation than the exercise of the rights of other states according to international law. Article 4 States are juridically equal, enjoy the sam
13、e rights, and have equal capacity in their exercise. The rights of each one do not depend upon the power which it possesses to assure its exercise, but upon the simple fact of its existence as a person under international law. Article 5 The fundamental rights of states are not susceptible of being a
14、ffected in any manner whatsoever. Article 6 The recognition of a state merely signifies that the state which recognizes it accepts the personality of the other with all the rights and duties determined by international law. Recognition is unconditional and irrevocable. Article 7 The recognition of a
15、 state may be express or tacit. The latter results from any act which implies the intention of recognizing the new state. Article 8 No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another. Article 9 The jurisdiction of states within the limits of national territory applies to all the inhab
