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1、虚拟语气复习专题一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
2、如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：If th
3、ey had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主 句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式
4、，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.If it were not for与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于 but for/without： If it had not been for his help(=but for/without his h
5、elp),we would not have succeeded. 介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 The leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadnt been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. A. In spite of B. But for C. B
6、ecause of D. As for 答案选B。 But that she was afraid, she would have said no. 2、虚拟语气在wish之后的使用（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring
7、all the year round.I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.3、虚拟语气在as if/as though之后的使用（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来could/would do时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.4
8、、虚拟语气在名词性从句之后的使用一个坚持:insist 两个命令:order command 三个建议: suggest advise propose四个要求: Demand ask require request等,在这些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词结合的名词性从句中都使用虚拟语气, 从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如:主语从句 Its ordered that all the soldiers (should) be prepared for the battle宾语从句 The general ordered that all the soldiers (shoul
9、d) be prepared for the battle表语从句 The order from the general is that all the soldiers (should) be prepared for the battle同位语从句 The order that all the soldiers (should) be prepared for the battle is from the general5、虚拟语气在其它名词性从句之后的使用在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should) + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necess
10、ary(important, natural, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现
11、出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.6、虚拟语气在定词性从句之后的使用这种从句常用于句型“It is (high,about,right)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。如：Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going. It is right time that we should go.7、虚拟
12、语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。遗憾过去的事情, 谓语动词应该为had done 遗憾现在的事情, 谓语动词应该为did/were遗憾将来的事情, 谓语动词应该为could./would do如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.8、虚拟语气用在would rather引导的从句中。(3)would (had) rather, 和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： Id rather you posted the lette
13、r right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didnt stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了9、虚拟语气用在even if 引导的状语从句中。 在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。 如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone
14、 t his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。10、混合虚拟语气 有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。 If you that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watched B. didnt watch C. hadnt w
15、atched D. wouldnt have watched 答案选C。 Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. 混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week. 该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。 Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examin
