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1、There be 结构一、概述英语中有一种表示“什么地方或时间存在什么事物”的“存在”句型，常用“there +be +名词+地点（时间）状语”结构。这种句型以非重读的there 为引导词，there 本身没有词义，以动词be 的某种形式作谓语动词，以表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组作为句子的主语，be 和主语的数必须一致。句子最后为表示地点和时间的状语。There is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled. 我们没必要再次讨论这个问题因为这个问题早已解决。There is a
2、map on the wall.墙上有一幅地图。There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。There is some fish on the plate.盘子里有鱼。二、There be 结构中的名词及主谓一致1、一个名词或代词作主语当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，其谓语必须用单数is；当主语是可数名词复数时，其谓语必须用复数are。There is a river in the picture. 画里有一条河。There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。There is a river
3、 in the picture. 画里有一条河。There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。2、并列名词作主语如果There be 句型后的主语是几个并列的名词时，be 应与靠近的那个名词保持数的一致。即该名词是单数，be 用is；如该名词是复数，be 用are。There is one book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书两支钢笔。There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf.架上有两个瓶子，一只烟灰缸。There is a bird and two bo
4、ys in the tree. 树上有一只鸟和两个男孩。There are some apples and a bird in the tree. 树上有一些苹果和一只鸟。三、There be 结构中的时态与语态1、There be 结构可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。There are some books on the desk。桌子上有一些书There was an accident last night.昨晚发生了一个事故。There were many students at the concert.许多学生参加了音乐会。There have been many cha
5、nges in the village recently.最近这个村庄发生了许多变化。There had been a fight here before he came back.在他回来之前这儿有过一场搏斗。There will be a good wheat crop this year. 今年小麦将有一个好收成。There will be a good film in the cinema on next month. 下月电影院将上影一部好片子2、there 可和各种助动词或情态动词连用What a pity my new computer doesnt work.There mus
6、t be something wrong with it. 很遗憾我们的计算机不能用了。肯定是坏了。There may be a bird on the branch.树枝上也许有一只鸟。There must be no more time wasted.不能再浪费时间了。There used to be a cinema here before the war. 这里战前曾有一座电影院。3、there be 结构中的谓语动词可以是“be going to/seem to/happen to/used to/be likely to/+be（ 原形）”。There seems to be so
7、mething wrong with it.它好象有点毛病。There happened to be a car nearby.碰巧附近有一辆车。There is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。There isnt going to be any meeting tonight. 今天晚上没有会。 seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well. bA. It B
8、. There C. What D. That4、There be 结构中的谓语动词有时可采用被动语态。There was said to be a fairy in the forest.据说树林里有一位仙女。There is expected to be more discussion.希望多讨论。There is reported to be a number of the wounded on both sides. 据报道双方都有伤者。四、There be 结构的否定和疑问结构There be 结构变成否定句时，须在动词be 后加not(any)或no。变成疑问句时，将动词be 提到
9、there 之前，句子其余部分不变。回答用yes 或no,后接简单答语Yes，there is/are. 或No，there isnt/arent. 。1、There be 结构的一般疑问句（1）Is+ there+ a/an+单数名词+介词短语?-Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有个球吗?-No, there isnt.不， 没有。-Is there a table in the room?屋子里有张桌子是吗？-Yes, there is. 是的，有。（2）Is+ there+不可数名词+介词短语?-Is there any water left in th
10、e mug？杯子里剩下水了吗？-No, there isnt. 不，没有。- Is there any room for the piano?还有地方放钢琴吗？- Im afraid not.恐怕没地方了。（3）Are+ there+ any+复数名词+介词短语?-Are there any books on the desk? 桌上有书吗？-Yes, there are. 是的，有。-Are there any children near the door?门边有些孩子吗?-Yes，there are.是的，有。-Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗
11、?-Yes, there have.是的，有。-Not, there wont. 不，没有。（4）情态动词或助动词+ there be+名词+介词短语?-Will there be a meeting tonight?今晚有会吗？-Yes, there will. 是的，有。-Have there been any letters from Jack lately?近日杰克有信来吗?-Yes, there have.是的，有。-Not, there wont. 不，没有。2、There be 结构的特殊疑问句这种句型主要用来询问“某处有多少人或物”，有下列两种情况：（1）How many+复数
12、名词+are there+介词短语?How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少学生?How many books are there on the desk? 桌上有多少书？（2）How much+不可数名词+is+ there+介词短语?How much water is there in the glass?杯子里有多少水？How much sand is there on the playground?操场上有多少啥？3、There be 句型的反意疑问句结构（1）There is + a/an+单数名词+介词短语+ ， isnt t
13、here?（2）There is +不可数名词+介词短语+，isnt there?（3）There are+ any+复数名词+介词短语+, arent there?（4）There + 情态动词或助动词+ 名词+介词短语+,情态动词或助动词的否定+there?There is a book on the desk, isnt there?桌子上有本书，是吗？There is some water in it, isnt there?那里边有些水，是吗？There are many people in the street, arent there?大街上有很多人，是吗？There will
14、be a new film on in the cinema, wont there? 下周电影院上映新电影是吗？4、There be 结构的否定（1）There be + not+ 名词+介词短语There isnt a computer in the room. 屋子里没有电脑。There arent any books on the table. 桌子上没有书。There are not any books on the desk.桌上没有书。（2）There +情态动词或助动词+not be + 名词+介词短语There hasnt been any rain recently. 最近
15、没下雨。There wont be a meeting tonight. 今晚没有会。（3）There be + no+ 名词+介词短语There is no money left. 没钱了。There are no books on the desk.桌子上没有书。there is no in persuading her into buying a new bikeA use B need C point D doubt（4）There +情态动词或助动词+ be + no+名词+介词短语There will be no one in at that moment. 那时将没人在家。There might be no money left. 可能没剩下钱。五、There be 结构中be 的替代there + be 这种结构，谓语动词除be 之外，还可用live，lie, exist, stand, remain, go, come 等表示“存在”意义的不及物动词。There stands a tree in front of the
