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1、2016届高三英语语法专题定语从句导学案一定语从句的概念Green team（绿队）Team in green（绿队）The team who wear in green.(穿绿衣服的队伍) 形容词 介词短语 从句（即为定语从句）定语从句的定义:在句子中修饰或限定名词，代词的从句就是定语从句 先行词 : 指主句整句或主句部分被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词关系词的三个作用:一是连接主句与从句; 二是指代先行词;三是在从句中充当句子成分。 二定语的型类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“的
2、”。B.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。The water which has been polluted by the factory is not fit to drink.被工厂污染的水不宜饮用.（如果缺少定语从句，句子的主要意思会受到影响）Water, which is a clear liquid, is widely used in our everyday life.水是一种清澈的液体，在我们的日常生活中应用非常广泛。（如果缺少定语从句，句
3、子的意 思不会受到影响）三表格关系代词指代在从句中充当是否可以省略who人主语否whomwhosethatwhichas关系副词指代在从句中充当是否可以省略WhenwhereWhy 在以上关系代词中有一个万能词：That他一到定语从句时先行词既可以是人也可以是物。 领悟体会：The number of people who / that lost homes reached as many as 250,000. 四填写关系词的四个步骤：1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中
4、做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。考点1关系代词的选择a) 由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句关系代词who用作 主语 ，用于指代 人 ，在口语或非正式用法中作 宾语。This is the man who helped me. Is Sheba the dog who was run over and nearly killed last year?All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)b)由whom引导的定语从句关系代词who
5、m用作 宾语 ，用于指代 人 。The man whom I saw yesterday is called Smith. Jack,with whom I have excellent relations,always gives me good advice.who与whom 作宾语时的区别：当先行词后有介词时只能用whom, 而不能用whoc)由whose引导的定语从句关系代词whose用作定语，用于指代人或物。Do you know the man whose name is Lihua? Do you see the house whose windows are all broke
6、n?d)由which引导的定语从句基本用法：which在从句中作 主，宾，表，定 。1. The book which was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）2. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）5. Tom spent four years in
7、college, during which time he learned French.（定语）e)由as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句作主、宾、表语。That was such terrible weather as destroyed our whole trip plan。He is not the same man as he was.f)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“（名词，数词，代词+）介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中， 关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which（指物）。先行词指人时，用whom, 先行词指物时用
8、which. 在这种结构中 ，1. The poor man has no house in which to live2. The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. “介词”的选择可依据以下几点：方法一:根据从句中动词/形容词与先行词习惯搭配 方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。例如：表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of. 方法三：根据语意表达的需要来确定。考点2难点，常考点： A.以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。先行词为不定代词,aleve
9、rything，some,much，all，anything，nothing,none,the onec等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.Theres nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行词被anthe only,the very, the last,the little,any,just ,one ofy 等词修饰时。1.The only thing that we could do w
10、as to wait.2.Thats the very word that is wrongly used.The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.先行词是最高级或者序数词时或是被序数词， 最高级修饰时。1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into min
11、d is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.3.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行词既有 人 又有 物 ，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 1.The writer and his novel that you have just ta
12、lked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that ，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复 。1. Which is the book
13、 that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词.1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.2. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.B.关系代词who的特殊用法关系代词的选择who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that 先行词为anyone,one,ones,all,those
14、时. 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once4.I dont like the ones (= those ) who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.在There be 结构中，主语是人 时,关系代词只能用who.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.当先行词有较长的 后置定语 时. 如：I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who
