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1、(word完整版)现在完成时讲义习题以及答案复习一般过去时的定义：表示过去发生的动作或过去常常，反复发生的动作。构成：谓语动词用过去式连用时间词：yesterday, ago， last week等。引出新课： Did you visit Beijing before? Yes, I did。 No， I didnt. Have you ever visited Beijing？ Yes， I _. No， I _. Have you ever been to Beijing? Yes, I _。 No, I _二、知识讲解本节课主要知识点解析,中考考点、易错点分析考点/易错点11。 现在完成
2、时的用法：（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just(刚刚）, already（已经）， before， yet(一般疑问：已经；否定句：还） never, ever等状语连用 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了) I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work。 Have you
3、milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet。 （2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和 for（段时间）， since（点时间） 引导的时间状语连用。以及 so far， by now,up till now ，these days， in（during) the last（past) ten years ，recently, lately等连用。I havent seen her
4、these days。 She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990。 What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?I have been here for just over two years。 He has worked here since 1989。 从1989年，考点/易错点2短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become， begin, buy, borrow, arrive
5、, come, die， fall, finish， get to know, go， join， leave, marry等.为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了.He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years。He has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了 The film began five
6、 minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes。-It is five minutes since the film began瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换1. 转换为相应的延续性动词 borrow - keep buy have put on wear catch a cold - have a cold get to know - know get to sleep - sleep2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词” begin / start be on go out - be out close be closed
7、open - be open get to/arrive/reach be （in） die - be dead leave be away finish be over fall sleep be asleep join be in/be a member of become be make friends - be friends come/go be + 相应的介词短语考点/易错点3have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法1、have (has） been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”,现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用.例如:M
8、r。 Brown has been in Shanghai for three days。 布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years。 他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever， never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall。 玛丽从未去过长城.Have you ever been to Hangzhou b
9、efore？ 你以前曾经去过杭州吗?Have （has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times。 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中.总之，说话时该人不在现场,例如：Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop。 他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了.考点/易错点4现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完
10、成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去.现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如:yesterday, last night， two weeks ago等 试比较：The plane has arrived 。 飞机已经来了.（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的.(强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years。 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一
11、直延续到现在，还可能会继续。)I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了） 三、例题精析【例题1】- When did you _ the bike？ - In 2012. I have _ it for two years. A. buy ； bought B。 have ; bought C. buy ； had D. bought; bought【答案】C【解析】根据句意，你什么时候买的自行车？在2012年，我已经买了两年了.问句为一般过去时，答句为现在完成时，故选C。【例题2】- How long has Mr. Gre
12、en lived in Lanzhou？- Hes lived here _ 1998。 A. for B。 since C. at D. on【答案】B【解析】根据会话语境可得知答句意为“格林先生在兰州住了多久了？他自从1998年就一直住在兰州。”现在完成时，for+时间段，since+时间点，应选B。【例题3】-Is Mr。 Smith still in Shanghai?- Yes， he _ there for two months. A. has been B。 has gone C。 has been to D. has gone to 【答案】A【解析】根据句意此句为现在完成时，
13、have gone to+地点“已去了（还未回来）” have been to+地点“去过(原来去过，现在已回） ”句尾常接次数或多个地点或before，或句中常有ever, never等。have been in + 地点，“已在（多久了) ”句尾常接for + 时间段,或since + 时间点 / 一般过去时的句子。故选A.【例题4】His grandma _ for two years。A 。died B 。has been dead C .was dead D。 has died【答案】B【解析】根据句意，他的奶奶去世两年了。die是瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用,应该把die改成be d
14、ead的相应形式。故选B。四、课堂运用【基础】1. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _ her parents. A. do B。 does C. has D. have2. - I have watched the game。 -When _ you _ it?A 。have watched B 。do watch C 。did watch D .will watch【巩固】3。 Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago.A .lived B. has lived C. lives D .is going to live4。 His grandma _ for two years。A 。died B 。has been dead C。 was dead D 。has died【拔高】5. -Do you miss your parents far away？-Yes, very much. They _ the hometown since two years ago。A。 left
