《新概念英语第二册语法讲解：状语从句.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新概念英语第二册语法讲解：状语从句.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 新概念英语第二册语法讲解：状语从句状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担当状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。依据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、缘由状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比拟状语从句。一、时间状语从句1.when指的是“某一详细的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不详细的时间”。When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空
2、，我们就去那里。2.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”，可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时突然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。3.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必需是持续性的。While it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。4.a
3、s引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。5.before译为在之前Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。6.after译为在之后He arrived after the game started.竞赛开头后，他到了。7.如主句动词是持续性动作，常用确定式，表示“直到为止”。附属连词为till/untilWe waited till (until) he came back .我们始终等到他回来。8.如主句动
4、词是瞬间动词，常用否认式，表示“直才”“在以前不”，从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilShe didnt stop working until eleven oclock.她到11点钟才停顿工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。9.hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意义相当于as soon as，但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用局部倒装。I had hardly got home
5、 when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开头就被叫停。10.在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。
6、The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，就感到很开心。Next time you come, youll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。11.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。二、地点状语从句where与wherev
7、er意义根本一样，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随便到你喜爱的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。三、缘由状语从句1.because用来答复why 的问题，语气一般放在主句之后I came back late yesterday because I was
8、 on duty.昨天我回来晚了，由于我值班。2.since表示既然或全已知的理由，稍加分析即可说明的缘由，多放句首Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开头开会。3.as从句常放在句首，说明缘由，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。As he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。4.seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相像，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意
9、思，that可以省去。Now (that) the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严峻，我们派人去请医生去了。四、目的状语从句1.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might), can (could), should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号，附属连词一般为that, so that, in order that, lest = fo
10、r fear that。I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码登记来，以免遗忘。Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实状况告知你，使你能自己作出推断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他们比平常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes
11、lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。五、结果状语从句1.so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词。We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他非常感动，以致一句话都说不出来。2.suchthat的such后面跟名词，假如名词是单数就要用such a /anthat还可以转换用soth
12、at，语气较强He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本非常有意思的书，大家都想看。六、条件状语从句1.unless从句的谓语只能用确定式。unless和ifnot同义，unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓
13、语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。附属连词为if, unless, as/so long as, in case, so far as。Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.假如我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So/As long as you work hard, you will suc
14、ceed.只要你努力工作，你就肯定能胜利。In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了，请提示我一下。So far as I know, the book will be published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。七、方式状语从句1.此处as译为，根据或正如as if或as though的意义和用法根本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。Draw a cat as I taught you .根据我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.根据人家告知你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。八、让步状语从句1.在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”(but)但
