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1、Part 1 General words岩土工程Geotechnical engineering基础工程Foundation engineering 土soil ,earth土力学soil mechanics 周期荷载 cyclic loading 卸载 再加载reloading粘弹性地基 viscoelastic foundation 粘滞阻尼 viscous damping 剪切模量 shear modulus 土动力学 soil dynamics 应力路径 stress path Part 2 Types of soil残积土 residual soil 地下水 groundwater
2、地下水位 groundwater level /groundwater table 粘土矿物 clay minerals 次生矿物secondary minerals 滑坡 landslide 钻孔柱状图 bore hole columnar section 工程地质勘察 engineering geologic investigation 漂石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砂石 gravel 砾砂 gravelly sand 粗砂 coarse sand 中砂 medium sand 细砂 fine sand 粉土 silty sand 粘性土 clayey soil 粘土 clay
3、 粉质粘土 silty clay 砂质粉土 sandy silt 粘质粉土 clayey silt 饱和土 saturated soil 非饱和土 unsaturated soil 填土 filled soil Part 3 Permeability and seepage达西定律 Darcys law 管涌 piping 流土 flowing soil 砂沸 sand boiling 流网 flow net 渗流 seepage 渗漏 leakage 渗透压力 seepage (force) pressure 渗透性 permeability 水力梯度 hydraulic gradient
4、渗透系数 coefficient of permeability Part 4 Deformation and stress of foundation软土 soft soil 打入桩（负）摩阻力 (negative) skin friction of driven pile 有效应力 effective stress 总应力 total stress 十字板抗剪强度 field vane shear strength 低活性 low activity 灵敏度 sensitivity 三轴试验 triaxial test 基础设计 foundation design 再压缩 recompact
5、ion 承载力 bearing capacity 土体 soil mass 接触压力 contact pressure 集中荷载 concentrated load 半无限弹性体 a semi-infinite elastic solid 均质 homogeneous 各向同性 isotropic 条基 strip footing 方形独立基础 square spread footing 下卧层（土） underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 恒载 /静载dead load 持续荷载 sustained load 活载 live load 短期瞬时荷载 short t
6、erm transient load 长期荷载 long-term transient load 折算荷载 reduced load 沉降 settlement 变形 deformation 套管 casing 堤（防） dike=dyke 粘粒粒组 clay fraction 物理性质 physical properties 路基 subgrade 级配良好土 well-graded soil 级配不良土 poorly-graded soil 筛子 sieve 摩尔-库仑破坏条件 Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 有限元法 FEM=finite element m
7、ethod 极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method 孔隙水压力 pore water pressure 先期固结压力 preconsolidation pressure 压缩模量 modulus of compressibility 压缩系数 coefficent of compressibility 压缩指数 compression index 回弹指数 swelling index 自重应力 geostatic stress 附加应力 additional stress 最终沉降 final settlement 滑移线 slip line Part 5 Excava
8、tion and dewatering of foundation开挖 excavation 降水 dewatering 基坑失稳 failure of foundation 基坑围护 bracing of foundation pit （基坑）底隆起 bottom heave=basal heave 挡土墙 retaining wall 孔压分布 pore-pressure distribution 降低地下水位法 dewatering method 井点系统 well point system 深井点 deep well point 真空井点 vacuum well point 支撑围护
9、braced cuts 支撑开挖 braced excavation 支撑挡板 braced sheeting Part 6 Deep foundation桩基础 pile foundation 灌注桩 cast in-place pile沉管灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile 钻孔桩 bored pile 机控异型灌注桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile 嵌岩灌注桩 piles set into rock 夯扩桩 rammed bulb pile 钻孔墩基础 belled pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 d
10、rilled-pier foundation 预制混凝土桩 precast concrete pile 钢桩 steel pile 钢管桩 steel pipe pile 钢板桩 steel sheet pile 预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土管桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile 沉井（箱 )caisson foundation 地下连续墙 diaphragm 摩擦桩 friction pile 端承桩 end-bearing pile 波动方程分析 wave equation analysis 承台 pile c
11、ap 单桩承载力 bearing capacity of single pile 单桩横向载荷试验 lateral pile load test 单桩横向极限承载力 ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验 static load test of pile 单桩竖向容许承载力 vertical allowable load capacity 低桩承台 low pile cap 高桩承台 high-rise pile cap 单桩抗拔极限承载力 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singl
12、e pile 静压桩 silent piling 抗拔桩 uplift pile 抗滑桩 anti-slide pile 群桩 pile groups 群桩效率系数（） efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效应 efficiency of pile groups 桩基动测 dynamic pile testing 最后贯入度 final set 桩动荷载试验 dynamic load test of pile 桩的完整性试验 pile integrity test 桩头 pile head=butt 桩端（头） pile tip=pile point=pile
13、 toe 桩距 pile spacing 桩位布置图 pile plan 桩的布置 arrangement of piles =pile layout 群桩作用 group action 桩端阻 end bearing=tip resistance 桩侧阻 skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩垫 pile cushion 打桩（振动） pile driving(by vibration) 拔桩试验 pile pulling test 桩靴 pile shoe 打桩噪音 pile noise 打桩机 pile rig Part 7 Ground treat
14、ment建筑地基处理技术规范 technical code for ground treatment of building垫层法 cushion method预压法 preloading method强夯法 dynamic compaction method强夯置换法 dynamic compaction replacement method振冲法 vibroflotation method 砂石桩 sand-gravel pile /pile-stone column 水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥土搅拌桩 cement mixing pile水泥桩 cement column 石灰桩 lime pile /lime column高压喷射注浆法 jet grouting method夯实水泥
