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1、1、The second Sunday of May is officially designated Mothers Day here in the United States. While Mothers Day is a happy occasion in most families, it is NOT happy in those where there is serious conflict between the mother and her children. Some scholars believe relationships between mothers and dau
2、ghters can be especially strained. Lynn Davidman, professor of womens studies at Brown University in Rhode Island, was 13 when her mother died of cancer. She has spent many years studying the immediate and long-term impact of a mothers premature death on those she leaves behind. The result of her re
3、search is a book titled Motherloss . Lynn Davidman says over the years most of her samples, including herself, have constructed an idealized and culturally stereotyped view of their mothers? Most of the people I interviewed told me that their mothers were the most perfect, the most wonderful, the mo
4、st loving, nurturing people that could have ever lived? Lynn Davidman says this is because people who lost their mothers during the early teens were old enough to remember her love and nurturing, but too young to experience some of the conflicts that come as children start growing up. Clinical psych
5、ologist Roni Cohen-Sandier who specializes in women and adolescent girls says mother-daughter conflicts start with the onset of the daughters puberty. She says at that age daughters often become critical of their mothers? You know, they are trying to figure out who they are and they are looking at t
6、heir mothers who are supposed to be this role model and they are seeing what their mothers are doing and not doing and they are getting very critical. And oftentimes they think everything they are saying is so wrong, you know. So mothers end up feeling very rejected and very upset and take everythin
7、g very personally and so thats where the challenge starts. Roni Cohen-Sandier says when daughters go through adolescence, mothers usually remember their own and want their daughters to benefit from the mothers experience. Daughters typically reject that. Their common complaint is. Mother is just not
8、 listening to me. Sociologist and author Victoria Secunda says she has never been able to have a cordial relationship with her mother. Ms Secunda, who wrote a book titled When You and Your Mother Cant Be Friends, says her research shows that conflicts between mothers and daughters are much more wide
9、-spread than it is believed. Victoria Secunda says her research and her own experience show that many mother-daughter conflicts start much before the daughters puberty. They include the mothers early criticisms of the daughters looks, clothes, behavior, or friends. She says many mothers expect their
10、 daughters to follow in their footsteps and a generation or two ago it meant getting married, having children and staying at home. For many of the women I interviewed - this is mothers as well as daughters - it was a stake in the maternal heart if the daughter didnt follow the mothers domestic examp
11、le, i.e. marriage, children, you know, food, meal planning. So that they felt in a sense betrayed - the mothers often did - because they felt as if their daughters, by living a very different kind of life, were somehow betraying the mother. According to Victoria Secunda, another factor in a mother-d
12、aughter relationship is the role of the father. She says despite new trends, childcare and upbringing are still traditionally a mothers role in the United States as well as in many other countries. Roni Cohen-Sandier agrees that the fathers role is very important. Among other things, fathers can dif
13、fuse some of the mother-daughter tension and serve as mediators. Both authors agree that as daughters mature, mothers have to learn to let go. Roni Cohen-Sandier says both mothers and daughters can benefit from viewing conflict as a good impetus for healthy change.2、Throughout history the basic unit
14、 of almost every human society has been the family. The members of the family live together under the same roof, they share the economic burdens of life as well as its affectionate joys, and it is the family which has primary responsibility for the important task of raising children to adulthood. Th
15、e family is not a uniform concept in all societies. In many places it is an extended group which includes uncles, aunts, cousins and in-laws. The family head usually has considerable influence in arranging marriages, selecting careers and determining all important moves and purchases by any member o
16、f the family. Particularly in conditions where society or the state does not give aid and where consequently the responsibilities of the family are greater, this larger group provides better protection in times of economic or other emergency. In many other societies, including most industrialized ones, the nuclear family is the basic social unit. This term refers to a hu
