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1、定语从句总结-完整版一、定语从句：由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which,as; 关系副词 when, where, why引导。who,whom引导人；whose, that,as引导人/物；which引导物例句1. The death notices tell us about people whohave died during the week.2. The m an whom you spoke to just now is my friend.3. The buildingwhose lights are on is beautiful.4. Ple
2、ase find a pla ce which we can have a private talk in.5. This is the book that she recommended to me.6. The knee is the jo int where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.7. He still remembers the da y when he went to school.8. It is no need telling us the reason why you didnt finish i
3、t in time.9. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.10. Mr. Smith,whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.11. In the Sunday paper there are comics,which children enjoy.二、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完 整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。who, whom, that, which 在限制性定语从句中做宾语时可以省略。限制性定
4、语从句中只能用that不能用which的情况1. 先行词既指人又指物；2. 先行词被all , every , any , little , only , much , no,few等不定代词修饰时或先行词本身是all , much , everything , no , anything , no 以及 no 构成的复合词；There are few rules that have no exception. 很少规则没有例外。Do you have anything that must be claimed? 你有东西需要申报吗？3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰；This is th
5、e highest score that I can get.4. 先行词被 the only , the very , the first, the last , the same 修饰；Thats really the only thing that hurts. 只有这件事真的令我伤心。The first thing that needs to be done is moving away soil. 第一件要做的事是移除泥土。5. 有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词，先行词既有人又有物；Do you know the things and persons that they are
6、 talking about?6. 主句以 who , that , which 开头的特殊疑问句；Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?7.有两个定语从句时，宜其中一个关系代词用which另一个用that；They secretly built up a small factory, which produces things that may cause pollution. 他们偷偷 建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能会造成污染的东西8.主句是there be句型且关系词在句中做主语。There is a seat in that co
7、rner that is still available.非限制性定语从句是没有紧跟在修饰对象（即先行词）之后的定语从句，与限制性定语 从句刚好相反。也就是说，先行词和非限制性定语从句之间常被逗号或是其它语句部分隔开 而没有紧密连接在一起。1）引导词that（关系代词）和why（关系副词）一般不用于引导非限制性定语从句。2）引导词which（关系代词）在引导非限制性定语从句时，不仅可以指代主句的某部分内容， 还可以用来指代整个主句。Peter called you last night, which I forgot to tell you.I am looking for a watch,
8、which Jason bought me.Penny, who used to be a waitress, becomes a successful saleswoman.Jacob is the silent boy standing in the back, whose hair is black and straight.She wandered in the school alone and aimlessly, where they last met.以下情况只能用 which 不能用 that1. 引导非限制性定语从句2. 关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。This
9、 is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.四、介词+关系代词的用法关系代词指物时用which；指人时用whom，而不能用that或who代替。There comes the girl, for whom I have been waiting around an hour 这个女孩来了，我将近等了 她快一个小时。（wait for sb “等待某人”，介词for提到关系代词的前面，以构成“介词+关系代词”的搭 配。）He handed me a pen with which I wrote down my name.他 递给我一支笔，我用它写下了自己的
10、名字。（笔指物，所以关系代词用which来指代.write down sth with sth “用某物写下某物”为基本 搭配，把介词 with 提到关系代词的前面）【注】固定动词短语中的介词通常不能提前，例如listen to/look at/depend on/look for/pay attention to/take care of/look after/take part in/make use of/catch up with/get along with/hear of /look forward to 等。This must be that book that Tom is l
11、ooking for这肯定是汤姆正在找的那本书。This is the baby whom you will look after这就是你要照看的那个宝宝。1. 复杂介词+关系代词：用于该结构中的关系代词有which/whom/whose。常用的复杂介词有 because of/in front of/as a result of/at the back of 等。They were badly hurt in the earthquake, because of which they didnt go to school.他们在地震中受了严重的伤，因此他们没有去上学。They were ba
12、dly hurt in the earthquake, as a result of which she didnt go to school. 他们在地震中受了严重的伤，导致他们没有去上学。2. 表部分或整体的概念的“代词+of+关系代词”：表示部分与整体概念的代词有 both/all/neither/none/either/some/any/most/few/half 等。China has lots of nations, one of which is Tujia 这个有许多民族，其中之一为土家族。3. 名词+of+关系代词：此结构用于代替whose+名词，也可用“of which t
13、he +名词”。This is the room, the window of which is blue.=This is the room, of which the window is blue.=This is the room whose window is blue.这就是那个窗户为蓝色的房间。4. 关系副词when/where/why可用“介词+which”来代替。I often think of the moment when/at which I met her 我常常想起见到她的那一刻。（在时间前我们常用介词at,例如“在三点钟一at three oclock”,该句中用的
14、关系副词when, 表示时间，所以在和介词+关系代词互换的时候，一般选择at+关系代词。）The police searched the room where/in which the thief has stayed.警察搜查了那个小偷曾待过 的房间。五、as引导定语从句A. 引导限制性语从句。在此类定语从句中,as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成，“such. as”，the same. as”和as .as”句型，可代替先行词。We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。He is
15、 not the same man as he was. （as 扌旨代 the man 作表语，从句可改写为：he was the man）You may take as much money as you want.第一个 as 是副词,修饰 many,第二个 as 是关系词, 指代money作want的宾语，从句可改写为：you want money）The world has been changing at such a high speed as no one has expected. （as 旨代 the high speed 作 expect 的宾语，从句可改写为：no on
16、e has expected the high speed.）B. as引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as译为正如，像的那样The earth, as we all know, goes around the sun. 我们都知道，地球绕着太阳转。As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet. 正如我所旨出的，在我们 的饮食中包括蔬菜是很重要的。As we had expected, he changed his mind later. 正如我们所预料的，他后来改变了主意。As is often the case,
