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1、化学实验室常用物品英文名称1、常用仪器 / 试管 test tube 试管架 test rack试管夹test tube holder玻璃棒 glass rod 滴管medicine dropper 小滴管 dropper烧杯 beaker 不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量杯 measuring cup量筒 measuring cylinder measuring/graduated flask漏斗 funnel分液漏斗separatory funnel布氏漏
2、斗Busher funnel 赫氏漏斗Hirsch funnel 长颈漏斗long-stem funnel 无颈漏斗stemless funnel 滤纸 filter paper华特门滤纸Whatman (filter) paper广口瓶wide-mouth bottle 烧瓶 flask 平底烧瓶florence flask 碘量瓶 iodine flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer flaskconical flask容量瓶 volumetric flask measuring flask移液管 (one-mark) pipette移液管架pipette rack洗耳球 rubber su
3、ction bulb刻度移液管graduated pipettes吸液管pipette滴定管 burette滴定管夹burette clamp滴定架burette holder滴定台 support holder酸氏滴定管Geiser burette (stopcock) 碱氏滴定管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock石蕊试纸litmus paper石蕊litmuspH值指示剂PH indicatorpH计 pH meter广泛ph试纸universal ph indicator paper三口烧瓶3-neck round bottom flask蒸馏装置di
4、stilling apparatus蒸馏烧瓶 distilling flask滴液漏斗 dropping adapter加装温度计的瓶塞reducing adapter减压蒸馏头vacuum-distilling adapter克氏蒸馏头Claisen distilling adapter 球型冷凝管Allihn condenser直型冷凝管West condenser空气冷凝管air condenser Liebig condenser蛇型冷凝管 Grahams condenser蒸馏头three-way adapter分馏柱fractionating column 接液管105 degre
5、e bent adapteradapter 曲颈甑retort坩埚crucible (pot)melting pot坩埚钳crucible clamp crucible tong天平balance , scale分析天平analytical balance电子天平electronic balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights称量瓶weighing bottle称量纸weighing paper研钵mortar研杵pestle玛瑙研钵agate mortar2、其他常用器皿及仪器洗瓶 plastic wash bottle
6、试剂瓶 reagent bottles塞子stopper橡胶塞rubber stopper玻璃塞Pennyhead stopper玻璃活塞 stopcpck药匙lab spoon镊子forceps升降台lab jack铁架台iron support圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp螺旋夹screw clamp 石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze三角架tripod 搅拌装置 stirring device搅拌棒stirring rod表面皿 watch glass蒸发皿 evaporating
7、dish瓷蒸发皿porcelain 旋转蒸发器 rotary evaporator trap冷凝器 condenser玻璃活塞 stopcock止水夹flat jaw pinch cock弹簧节流夹pinch clamp橡胶管rubber tubing恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator 真空泵vacuum pump真空阀vacuum traps 多头抽真空装置vacuum manifold抽滤瓶filter flasksuction flask离心机centrifuge离心管centrifuge tube电炉 heater马弗炉furnace烘箱oven微波炉电热套hea
8、ting mantle电动搅拌器power basic stirrer磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer转子rotor 水浴bath沸石boiling stone剪刀scissor烤钵cupel石蜡封口膜parafilm卵形瓶matrass比重瓶specific gravity bottle提勒熔点管Thiele melting point tube 水银温度计(mercury-filled) thermometer温度计 thermometer倒置显微镜Inverted microscope擦镜纸wiper for lens玻璃片glass plate盖玻片cover glass载玻
9、片slide闪点仪flash point tester折光仪refractometer紫外灯ultraviolet illumination狭槽slot秒表stopwatch空气过滤器air filter(laminar flow cabinet)药柜cupboard衣服挂钩coat hanger口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask消毒器Sterilizer消毒剂disinfector空调机air conditioner摇床shaker 螺丝钉screw螺丝刀screw driver螺栓，插销bolt 锁紧螺母nut, cap nut齿槽,插口socket扳手s
10、hifting spanner 锤子 hammer钉子 nail插头 plug电极 electrode电泳槽gel tank微细胞；小电泳槽minicell复印机duplicatorcopying machine复印纸copy paper复写纸carbon paper关节joint计时器timer闹钟alarm clock订书机stapler U形钉staple3、有关化学反应的词汇分析analysis分馏fractionation吸热反应endothermic reaction放热反应exothermic reaction热力学thermodynamics动力学kinetics沉淀preci
11、pitate, precipitation沉淀,沉降sediment, sedimentation蒸馏distill, distillation煅烧calcine氧化oxidize, oxygenate碱化alkalinization中和neutralize, neutralization滴定titration氢化hydrogenate水合,水化hydrate脱水dehydrate发酵fermentation溶解solution燃烧combustion熔解fusion, melting碱性alkalinity同分异物现象isomerism水解hydrolysis电解electrolysis电解
12、质溶液electrolyte电极electrode阳极,正极anode阴极,负极cathode催化catalyse, catalyze催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis氧化oxidization, oxidation还原剂reducer分解dissolution, decomposition合成synthesis可逆的reversible不可逆的irreversible . 仪器设备 apparatus产物 product1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy grou
13、p琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydr
14、ocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 k
