现在分词／过去分词／不定式做状语详讲及分析一．现在分词做状语（表原因，时间，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况，现在分词与主句的主语一致，且形成主谓关系, 就是说现在分词的动作发出者是主句的主语．例如：① Hearing the news, they got excited. (When they heard the news, they got excited.)现在分词 逻辑主语.从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系② She got home, feeling very tired. 逻辑主语 现在分词 主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系③ Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. (When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying.) 注： 当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行．除了省略其连接词because, if , once, when ,从句中的主语，还要省略其be 动词．④When he was climbing the step, he heard terrible voice. Climbing the step, he heard terrible voice⑤Because he is a child, he can’t enter into the interbar.Being a child, he can’t enter into the interbar 当从句中出现主＋n/adj, 且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，用be 动词的现在分词形式．即 Being +n/adj.Being excited, he speaks incoherently. (Because he is excited, he speaks incoherently.)注意：当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，那么从句现在分词是独立的主格结构。
从句中的主语不能省略⑥Weather permitting, we’ll go camping. (If weather permits, we’ll go camping.) 主语 现在分词主语 主语不一致 形成主谓关系 从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语⑦He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her.⑧ I feel very excited, this being the first time to won the first. I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first..2) 现在分词的时态和语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式 (指动作通常是一般性的动作，既不明确说明 发生在现在，也不说明发生在过去、将来）doingbeing done完成式 （指发生在主句的谓语动作之前） having donehaving been done①Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her. (knowing 为一般式)② Having bought our tickets, we went into the theater We 与brought 为主动关系 从上句的句意中得知，买票的动作发生在进电影院之前。
所以要用having done的形式③ Having cleaned the classroom, he went home. he 与clean 为主动关系④ Having been told many times, he still reported the same mistake. he 和 tell 为被动关系3）有些现在分词做状语是固定结构，要记住，如jugging from/by, generally speaking, turning to ① Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.②Generally speaking , his answer is right.③Turning to the left, he saw a bus passing.二、 过去分词1）过去分词做状语（表原因，让步，时间，结果……） 过去分词与主句的主语是动宾关系，即过去分词与主语是被动关系① The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students Teacher 与followed 形成被动关系 句意为老师进入教室，后面跟了一些学生。
② The teacher came into classroom, following the students. The teacher 与following 形成主动关系 ② Given a chance, I can surprise the world.③ He stood in front of the room with his arms folded.2）过去分词的主语与从句的主语不一致，过去分词用独立的结构其过去分词前面也要带上主语 ④ All things considered, her paper is of great value than yours. 不是同一个主语 ‘ 从上面中，我们可以看到，things 与her paper 不是同一个主语.所以过去分词前的主语不能省略。
三、不定式不定式做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立的成分表示原因、结果时，不可置于句首① She shut the window in order to (keep the insects out) (表目的)② To get a job, he need a PHD..He need a PHD in order to get a job 注：当不定式位于句首时表目的时，相当于in order to 或so as to ③ To find a job, he attended many interviews He attended many interviews in order to find a job.④ You were silly not to have have locked your car (不定式表原因)⑤ To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning. 常见的这类短语有to be frank (坦白的说)， to be exact(确切地说)，to begin with(首先)，to make a long story short(长话短说)等。
Practice1. The prisoner,____ the guard and run away, was caught the next days.A killed B killing C having killed D being killed by2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless______ every day. A watered B watering C water D to water3. He is a student at Oxford University,_____ for a degree in computer science. A studied B studying C to have study D to be studying4. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,______ in the natural light during the day.A to let B letting C let D having let5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_______, he gladly accepted it.A finished B finishing C having finished D was finished.6. ______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losing7. Whether you believe it or not, it is _____ that cause you illness.A because of your overweight B you are so overweightC because you are overweight D your being overweight8. All flights______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A had been canceled B have been canceledC having been cancel。