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1、 小学小升初英语语法倒装复习14. 倒装 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此构造通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的构造有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
2、Ahead sat an old woman. 留意：上述全部倒装的句型构造的主语必需是名词，假如主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.Away they went. 14.2 倒装句之局部倒装 局部倒装是指将谓语的一局部如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。假如句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1)句首为否认或半否认的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。 Never have I seen such
3、 a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 留意： 如否认词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn”t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1)Why can”t I smok
4、e here? At no time_ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否认词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装构造。 这些否认词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。此题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no tim
5、e. 2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn”t man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否认了,否则意思就变了。 14.3 以否认词开头作局部倒装 如 Not
6、onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题 No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game
7、 began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否认意义的副词放在句首时，一般采纳倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否认意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。 留意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装构造。假如置于句首的Not only but al
8、so仅连接两个并列词语，不行用倒装构造。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. 14.4 so, neither, nor作局部倒装 表示“也“、“也不“ 的句子要局部倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won”t go, neither will I. 典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I don”t know, _. A. nor don”t I careB. nor do I careC. I don”t care n
9、eitherD. I don”t care also 答案：B. nor为增补意思“也不关怀“，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don”t 再次否认， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 留意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证明或确定时，不行用倒装构造。意为“确实如此“。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -It”s raining hard.-So it is. 14.5 only在句首要倒装的状况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only aft
10、er being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 假如句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必需将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。 留意： 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。假如实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he wil
11、l, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 留意: 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 14.7 其他局部倒装 1) so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 2)在某些表示祝福的句型中： May you all be happy. 3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把
12、were, had, should 移到主语之前，实行局部倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again. 典型例题： 1） Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didn”t man know D. did man know 答案为D.否认词Not在句首，要求用局部倒装的句子构造。 2） Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didn”t I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn”t realizeD. I realize 答案为B。 3)Do you know Tom bought a new car? I don”t know, _. A. nor don”t I care B. nor do I care C. I don”t care neitherD. I don”t care also 解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出局部倒装构造，表示“也不“。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一状况的重复消失。其中, so用于确定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否认句中。
