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1、（十一）句子的类型 简单句和并列句01 命题趋势 考标导向化近几年对简单句的考查主要体现在对陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句上，对并列句的考查主要是在并列句的构成、并列连词和从属连词上。预计2015年对简单句的考查仍以感叹句、反意疑问句为主，对并列句的考查以并列连词和从属连词为主。02 定义 概念清晰化简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。根据句子的功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号。疑问句是用以提问的句子，句末用问号。疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。祈使句是用
2、以表示命令、请求或建议的句子，通常省略主语。感叹句是用以表达快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子，感叹句有用what或how开头的两种形式。并列句是指由两个或两个以上的并列分句构成的句子。并列句的分句间没有修饰和被修饰的关系，也没有限定或被限定的关系，其间的关联是靠并列连词实现的。03 知识归类 知识网络化简单句分类图解构成类型例句由一个主语(含并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成1.S+ViAn accident happened yesterday.2.S+V+PYour idea sounds good.3.S+Vt+OWe want to see him.4.S+Vt+O+OMy father
3、 made me a kite.5.S+Vt+O+CHe made us stand here.陈述句。疑问句、祈使句和感叹句分类图解分类用途例句陈述句肯定肯定的陈述，表示“是如此”They usually go to school by bike.I get up at six oclock in the morning.否定否定的陈述，表示“不是如此”They wont go to the park tomorrow.I cant speak Chinese.疑问句一般疑问句询问一件事或情况是否属实Is this your schoolbag?Have you been to Shangh
4、ai?特殊疑问句针对句子某一具体成分提问What does your father do?Where is Mike from?选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择Is your friend a boy or a girl?He is a boy.反意疑问句由陈述句+简短问句组成，问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步证实There is a book on the desk, isnt there?Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.祈使句表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等Come in, please.Lets go to school.感叹句表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒
5、等感情，常用what或how引导What beautiful flowers!How clever the girl is!特例清单1.否定的一般疑问句通常以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。作简略回答时也要用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：Dont you hear of that?你没有听说过吗？Yes,I do.不，我听说过。No,I dont.是的，我没有听说过。2.特殊的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如hardly, few, little, no, nobody, no one, nothing等时，附加疑
6、问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im-，un-，in-，dis-等的派生词，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问部分用否定式。(2)I am反意疑问句的附加疑问部分应为arent I。(3)如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑问部分须用will you。(4)当陈述部分是lets do sth.时，疑问部分须用shall we来反问；而当陈述部分是let sb.do sth.时，疑问部分仍然用will you来反问。(5)当陈述部分主语是不定代词nobody，somebody,no one等时，疑问部分须用复数代词they，也可以用he；当陈述部分主语是不定代词nothing，someth
7、ing时，疑问部分须用代词it。(6)若陈述部分为there be句型，附加疑问部分仍用there。(7)陈述部分含有must，表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用mustnt。若陈述部分含must，表示推测意义“必定”时，则附加疑问部分应根据陈述部分不定式结构用相应的系动词或助动词。(8)主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问部分的助动词与人称应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。若宾语从句的主句为“I think/suppose/believe”等表示说话人的看法，反意疑问句的疑问部分应与宾语从句一致。(9)陈述部分含情态动词ought to时，附加疑问部分有两种形式：oughtnt+主语人称代词或shou
8、ldnt+主语人称代词。3.不能出现在一个句子里的连词(1)because (因为),so(所以)不能出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。(2)(al)though(虽然),but(但是)不能出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但though可以与still或yet连用。如：Though he was tired, he still worked hard.虽然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。【题组训练】陈述句与疑问句( )1.(2014南宁)She doesnt like pop music, _?A.does she B.is sheC.doesnt she D.isnt she( )2.(2014兰州)D
9、id you use to have long hair or short hair，Sally?_.A.Yes l did B.No，I didntC.Long hair D.Curly hair( )3.(2014北京)_people are there in your family?Three.A.How often B.How longC.How many D.How much( )4.(2014济宁)_ are you always staying up so late these days?To prepare for my final exam.A.How B.Why C.Whe
10、n D.Where( )5.(2014湖州)Excuse me，Sir. _ is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?Well，only about five minutes walk.A.How often B.How longC.How far D.How soon祈使句( )6.(2014广州)Sorry Im late._ tell me the bus broke down again!A.Never to B.NotC.Dont D.No( )7.(2014重庆) _wake up your sister，Ben. She need
11、s a good sleep.A.Dont B.DoesntC.Arent D.Cant( )8.(2014黄石)Im leaving for Xisai Mountain this afternoon. _you have packed everything.A.To be sure B.Been sureC.Being sure D.Be sure( )9.(2014黄冈)What are the rules at your school?Dont run in the hallways and _arrive late for class.A.not to B.wontC.dont D.
12、no( )10.(2014梅州)_play with fire. _with fire is dangerous.A.Dont;Playing B.Not;PlayingC.Dont;Play D.Not to;To play感叹句( )11.(2014漳州) _beautiful blouse she is wearing!But it doesnt look good against her skin.A.What B.What a C.How( )12.(2014咸宁) _sweet music!And I really like the Voice of China TV progra
13、ms.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a( )13.(2014镇江)Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude(百年孤独)has been printed again?It is expected to be._ unusual novel it is!A.What B.What aC.How D.What an( )14.(2014南京) _brave Zhang Hua is!Yes. He helped his neighbour，Mrs Sun，out of the fire.A.What a B.HowC.How a D.What( )15.(2014滨州)_ interesting the film is!Yes.I have seen it twice.A.What B.HowC.What an D.How an并列句分类图解构成意义常用连词简单句+并列连词+简单句表示引申和并列and,not onlybut also,as well as,neithernor表示选择or,eitheror表示转折but,while,only表示缘由for,so特例清单and和or用于否
