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1、“不及物动词+副词+相当于一个不及物动词，这种结构的短语动词不能用于被动语态，也不能接宾语。break down vt. 打破，减轻，把 . 分解vi. 彻底失败，崩溃，停止运转，放弃，(数据，观点等)站不住脚He broke down and wept when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来。Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双方谈判已经破裂。Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages 10m, plant 4m, r
2、aw materials 5m.该工程费用开支可分成如下几部分: 工资一千万英镑，厂房设备四百万英镑，原料五百万英镑。die away 变弱，渐渐停止The sound of the music died away.音乐声渐渐消失了。The noise of the car die away in the distance.汽车的声音消失在远方。give in 屈服，让步，呈交Dont give in now, she urged.先别认输，她鼓励道。The enemy were forced to give in.敌人被迫投降。He will give in to his opponents
3、 claim rather than wrangle over a disputed point.他会向对手的要求让步，而不会因争议点而大声争论。knock off 停止做某事，下班，匆匆完成，减少，抢劫，复制Its after five; lets knock off.已经五点多了; 下班吧We knock off at 12:30 for lunch.我们十二点半时停下工作去吃饭。pass away v. 逝世，消磨（时间），消逝Pass away is a euphemism for die.去世是死的委婉说法。Our director passed away at eight oclo
4、ck last night.我们董事长于昨晚八时去世。That famous mathematician passed away yesterday.昨天，那位著名的数学家去世了。show off 炫耀，卖弄Mike has only driven to the pub to show off his new car-he usually walks!麦克驾车来到酒店，只是为了向大家炫耀他的那辆新车，他平时总是步行来的！She likes to show off her fine clothes.她喜欢炫耀她的精美衣服。He wrote in that style just to show o
5、ff.这种文体写文章，完全是为了卖弄文采。fall through 落空，失败The children venture out on the thin ice and fall through.孩子们冒险踏上薄冰，结果掉了进去。Owing to lack of funds, the scheme fell through.由于缺少资金，这项计划失败了。The plan fell through.计划落空了。pass out 昏倒，失去知觉He came into the room, whispered her and then passed out.他进到房间，和她耳语几句，然后就出去了。He
6、 would pass out if he took one more drink.要是他再喝一杯酒的话，他就会醉倒了。come off 离开，举行，实现，成为，发生Her attempt to break the world record nearly came off.她想要打破世界纪录，已接近成功。Did your proposed trip to Rome ever come off?你提出的到罗马旅行，後来去了吗？These stains wont come off, Im afraid.我看，这些污点去不掉。fall back 后退，退却Shes completely homele
7、ss at least I have my parents to fall back on.她是真正无家可归-我至少有父母可依靠。Its always useful to have something to fall back on.有点依靠的东西总是有用的。At least we can fall back on candles if the electricity fails.停电时我们至少可以使用蜡烛。fall off vi. 跌落，下降，（船只）偏离船头指向的顺风的位置It used to be my favourite restaurant but the standard of c
8、ooking has fallen off recently.那是我以前最喜欢的饭馆，但近来烹饪水平已大不如前了。Be careful not to fall off the ladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。One slip and you could fall off the cliff.脚下一滑就可能从悬崖上跌下去。put up vt. 放，贮备，推荐，提供，, 建造，举起(提高)vi. 提供食宿，直接行动I cant believe hed do a thing like that on his own. He must have been put up to it by some
9、of the older boys.我不相信他会主动干那种事，一定是有些年龄大的男孩子叫他干的。My landlords threatening to put the rent up by 10 a week.我的房东要挟说要把每周租金提高10英镑。To join the club you have to be put up by an existing member.要加入俱乐部必须有一位会员做介绍人。come to 苏醒；总数为，结果是；涉及，谈到The doctors will operate if it proves necessary but it may not come to t
10、hat.医生认为必要时便动手术但可能不致如此。The police launch hailed to us to come to.警方汽艇招呼我们停下来。The idea came to him in his bath.他洗澡时想出了这个主意。drop out 退出，退学Some old women and men grow bitter with age; the more their teeth drop out, the more biting they get.有些老太婆与老头子，随着年岁而变得脾气暴戾牙齿掉得越多，越发咬得入骨。In any year some of the stud
11、ents on this crash course find the pace too hot for them and drop out before Christmas.每年都有一些修这门速成课的学生觉得课程负担太重而于圣诞节前辍学的。He drop out because of the pressure.由于校规很严，所以他退学了。grow up 长大，成熟；形成，发展Oh, grow up! ie Behave in a more mature way.噢，别那麽不懂事了(表现得成熟些吧)!At 18, hes still rather frivolous and needs to g
12、row up.他到了十八岁仍然很不懂事，很不成熟。I had to leave home in self-defence. I simply wasnt being allowed to grow up.为保护自己我不得不离家出走。在家里简直无法让人好好成长。look out 留神，注意Look out!小心！FBI is on the look out for the agent these days.这些天联邦调查局正在注意那个特工。Police will be looking out for trouble-makers at todays match.今天的比赛有警察防备著捣乱分子。r
13、un out vt. 伸出(消退，偏转，振摆，滑动，空刀)用尽 耗尽Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out (of them).给我一枝烟好吗? 我的(烟)已经抽完啦。Border was (brilliantly) run out by Botham for 41.博德获41分後，博瑟姆一个漂亮球把他杀出局了。The lease on our flat runs out in a few months.我们公寓的租约还有几个月就到期了。turn up vt. 朝上翻，来到，卷起，找到，出现，发生，调大Hes still hoping
14、something (eg a job or a piece of good luck) will turn up.他仍在期待机会出现(如得到工作或好运).We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up.我们请她吃饭她都不露面。I cant hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?收音机我听不太清楚，你把声音开大点行吗?turn down 拒绝，调低，关小She petitioned her neighbor to turn down the radio
15、.她请求邻居把收音机关小点声。I turn down the offer.我拒绝那提议(求婚)。He warned her that no good could come of it for either Harriet or herself, and he was particularly upset when he learned that Emma had influenced Harriet to turn down Robert Martins proposal of marriage.他告诫爱玛这种关系无论是对哈里特还是对她自己都没有好处。奈特利先生得知哈里特在爱玛怂恿之下拒绝了罗伯特马丁的求婚时，就更加感到忧虑。fall out 争吵，发生，解散，掉队，结果After a long drill he told the squad to fall out.操练
