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1、(measurement)物理学physics测量measure(vt.)测量工具measuringtool测量X围measuringrange最小刻度divisionvalue实验experiment实验室laboratory误差error刻度尺meterruler零刻度线zerograduationline长度length单位unit面积area千米kilometer米meter平方米squaremeter立方米cubicmeter分米decimeter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter微米micron纳米nanometer时间time小时hour分钟minute秒secon
2、d毫秒millisecond体积volume升Liter毫升Milliliter天平balance砝码weights游码rider质量mass吨ton千克kilogram克gram毫克milligram停表stopwatch力force牛顿Newton测力计dynamometer弹簧秤springbalancen、运动simplemotion方向direction位置position路程path静止rest参照物reference速度velocity平均速度averagevelocity直线运动rectilinearmotion曲线运动curvilinearmotion变速直线运动variab
3、lerectilinearmotion匀速直线运动uniformrectilinearmotionn、热heat温度temperature温度计thermometer摄氏度degreecentigrade体温计clinicalthermometer分子molecules分子运动molecularmotion物质substance物体object状态statesolid液体liquid气体gas物态变化statetransformation晶体crystal非晶体noncrystal熔化melting凝固solidification熔点meltingpoint凝固点solidifyingpoin
4、t汽化vaporization蒸发evaporation沸腾boiling沸点boilingpoint液化liquefaction升华sublimation凝华condensation扩散diffusion吸引力attractiveforce排斥力repulsiveforce冰箱refrigerator热传递heattransfer热传导heatconduction热对流heatconvection热辐射heatradiation吸收absorb(v.)放出release(v.)热量heat比热容specificheatcapacityIV、光light光源lightsource光的直线传播r
5、ectilinearpropagationoflight均匀介质well-distributedmedium光速velocityoflight小孔成像imagebypinghole日食solareclipse月食lunareclipse光的色散dispersionoflight平面镜planemirror光的反射reflectionoflight反射定律reflectionlaw入射光线incidentray反射光线reflectedray法线normal镜面反射mirrorreflection漫反射diffusereflection入射角incidentangle反射角reflectiona
6、ngle海市蜃楼mirage光的折射refractionoflight折射光线refractedray折射角refractionangle光屏屏幕screen照相机camera潜望镜periscope幻灯机slideprojector电影放映机filmprojector空气air真空vacuum蜡烛candle透镜lens凸透镜convexlens凹透镜concavelens会聚converge(v.)发散diverge(v.)焦距focallength焦点focus实像realimage虚像virtualimage主光轴principalopticalaxis光心opticalcentero
7、flens放大的amplified缩小的reduced正立的erected倒立的inverted放大镜magnifier玻璃glass水waterV、磁magnetism磁体magnet小磁针magnetieedle磁场magneticfield天然磁体naturalmagnet磁极magneticpole地磁场geomagneticfield人造磁体man-mademagnet南极northpole北极Southpolemagneticfieldofelectriccurrent条形磁铁barmagnet磁感线magneticinductionline蹄形磁铁horseshoemagnet磁
8、化magnetization电磁铁electromagnetVI、声音sound振动vibrate声波waveofsound振幅amplitude介质medium音调pitch噪音noise传播travel响度loudness乐音voice声速velocityofsound音色musicalquality分贝decibeldB回声echo频率frequency叩、力force重力gravity惯性inertia动力motiveforce重心centerofgravity平衡equilibrium阻力resistance摩擦力frictionforce压强pressure动力臂powerarm滑
9、动摩擦slidingfriction帕斯卡Pascal(Pa)阻力臂resistingarm滚动摩擦rollingfriction液体压强hydraulicpressure作用线action-line静摩擦staticfriction大气压强atmosphericofpressure滑轮pulley压力pressureforce标准大气压standardatmospherepressure定滑轮fixedpulley浮力buoyancyforce气压计barometer动滑轮movablepulley力的图示forcediagram托里拆利Torricelli滑轮组pulleyblock力的大
10、小magnitudeofforce功work力的方向directionofforce密度density功率power力的作用点actingpointofforce潜水艇submarine机械效率mechanicalefficiency合力resultantforce热气球fireballoon有用功usefulwork分力ponentforce飞艇airship额外功extrawok力的合成positionofforces简单机械simplemechanics总功totalwork杠杆lever斜面inclinedplane牛顿第一定律NewtonsFirstLaw支点pivot皿、电elec
11、tricity电荷electriccharge正极positiveplate电压voltage带电体chargedbody负极negativeplate伏特Volt摩擦起电electrificationbyfriction电路electriccircuit伏特计voltmeter正电荷positivecharge通路closedcircuit电阻resistance负电荷negativecharge开路opencircuit欧姆Ohm导体conductor短路shortcircuit变阻器rheostat绝缘体insulator电路图circuitmap滑动变阻器slidewirerheostat半导体semiconductor串联seriesconnection欧姆定律Ohmslaw电源powersource并联parallelconnection电功electricwork导线wire电量electricquantity电功率electricpower电键key(switch)电流electriccurrent额定电压ratedvoltage干电池drycell安培Ampere额定电功率ratedpower蓄电池storageplate安培计ammeter阿基米德原理Archimedesprinciple优选-
