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1、渗水泥化巷道失稳机理与安全控制对策Seepage Argillaceous Roadway Instability Mechanism and Safety Control Measures摘要本文针对淮北矿区高应力、围岩松散破碎、泥质岩性、受水影响显著等复杂地质条件下的渗水泥化巷道围岩稳定控制技术难题开展了深入研究，通过深入细致的工程地质调研，结合实验室试验、分子模拟及数值计算，分析了高承压水侵入巷道失稳原因，揭示了浸水泥岩泥化流变演化规律，得到了渗水泥化巷道失稳机理，研发了适用泥化巷道围岩控制的安全控制对策，研究成果如下：（1）通过深入细致的现场调研，发现巷道是在泥质软岩、地板承压水及各种
2、应力扰动的共同作用下出现围岩泥化流变，最终导致巷道渗流失稳，其失稳变形本质上是围岩渗流场、应力场、损伤场三者相互耦合的结果，而渗流水对围岩的侵蚀是巷道变形破坏的关键因素。（2）通过扫描电镜与X射线衍射仪对典型泥岩的微观结构与物质组成进行分析，并借助Materials Studio（简称MS）软件建立了蒙脱石的双晶胞结构模型，揭示了蒙脱石吸附水分子形成1、2、3层饱和水分子层的水化过程，结合蒙脱石型泥岩不同浸水程度的微观结构变化，研究了随着粘土矿物水化程度加强，泥岩微观颗粒脱落、裂隙增加，致使泥岩在宏观上出现泥化流变破坏现象的过程。（3）运用MS软件forcite模块对吸附1、2、3层饱和水分子
3、层的蒙脱石模型进行分子能量优化，发现蒙脱石分子模型多面体结构发生不规则变化，模型总能量大幅度下降，形成能量最小化结构体系，致使泥岩力学性能降低直至丧失力学强度，直接导致了泥岩微观结构发生破坏，最终形成无强度的泥化混合物。（4）采用数值模拟手段研究了渗水泥化巷道位移变化规律，发现泥化巷道开挖后迅速发生变形，顶底板及两帮移近量达到1500mm，巷道净断面面积缩小50%，泥化围岩根本无法维持巷道稳定。（5）针对渗水泥化巷道失稳机理，制定一套疏水降压、强化围岩及构造高强度支护体系的安全控制对策，其本质在于疏导承压水的基础上，置换原有的泥化围岩为混凝土墙体，并配以注浆手段不断提高泥岩自身整体强度和稳定性
4、，从而构建多喷浆层、高度密贴岩面的强韧封层结构，形成巷道支护圈体。（6）在淮北矿区朱仙庄煤矿水平皮带机大巷开展了渗水泥化巷道治理的验证研究和工业性试验，巷道维控效果良好，表明控制技术选用得当，有效保证了巷道的正常使用，取得了良好的经济与社会效益。该论文有图50幅，表6个，参考文献90篇。关键词：泥化巷道；分子模拟；泥化流变；失稳机理；强韧封层61AbstractBecause of the highly stress, loosed and politic surrounding rock and easily water affected etc., complicated geologic
5、al conditions, roadway in Huaibei mining area is water seepaged and politic. This article aims at a further study of surrounding rock stability control problem. By intensive engineering geology survey, lab test, molecular simulation and numerical calculation, this article analysis the reason the con
6、fined water seepages in the unstable roadway, reveales the evolution rule, get the mechanism of the water seepaged and politic roadway loosing the stability and develop the control measures. The research achievements are as listed below:(1) Intensive site surveys find that the roadway surrounding ro
7、ck become flowing deformation and argillization under the combined action among argillaceous soft rock, confined water and stress disturbance. This makes the roadway water seepaged and unstable. Essentially, the instability and deformation is result of combined action of ock seepage field, stress fi
8、eld and damage field. However, the vadose water erosion is the key factor for deformation of the roadway(2) By scanning electron microscopy, the analysis on typical mudstone micro structure and material composition through X - ray diffraction and double cell structure model of smectite established w
9、ith the help of Materials Studio (MS) software , this article shows a hydration process in which the smectite adopts water molecules and becomes 1, 2, 3 layers of water saturated molecular layer. As the the hydration of clay and mineral serious, more and more micro particles fall off and fractures a
10、ppear. This macroscopically result to the flowing deformation and argillization of the rock. (3) The test uses the Forcite set in MS software to make the molecular ernergy optimization model of smectite to find irregular variation in the polyhedron structure of smectite molecular model. At the same
11、time, the models total energy is greatly reduced and forms the minimization of energy structure, resulting the mud rocks loss of mechanical strength. This is the direct cause of the break in mud rocks micro structure. Finally, it becomes the no strength- argillization mixture.(4) The test studies th
12、e change rule of displacement in permeable mud roadway by numerical simulation. We found that the roadway deform rapidly after excavation; the roof baseplate and the two sidewalls move between reaches 1500mm; the roadways net sectional area reduced 50%. The argillizated surrounding rock cannot keep
13、the roadways stability at all. (5) Aiming at the instability mechanism of the permeable mud roadway, this paper formulates a set of safety control countermeasure by dewatering, depressurization intensifying the surrounding rock and strengthening supporting. Its essence is based on the guidance of co
14、nfined water to replace the original mud rock for concrete wall.With grouting method and continuously improving the overalls strength and stability of mudstone, it build tough a much whitewashing-seal structure and highly paste the rock, which becomes a roadway support circle system.(6) The Level II
15、 horizontal belt roadway in Huaibei Area Zhuxianzhuang Coal Mine carried out validation research and industrial test about the governance of water seepaged and politic roadway. The effective result indicates the governance method is proper. This ensures the normal uses of the roadway and gets perfec
16、t economic and social benefits. The paper has 50 figures, 6 tables and 90 reference togetherKeywords: muddy roadway; molecular simulation; mud flow; failure mechanism; strengthening seal目录摘要I目录IV图清单VIII表清单XI1 绪论11.1 研究意义11.2 国内外研究现状21.3 存在的主要问题111.4 研究内容及研究方法112 渗水泥化巷道失稳特征及原因分析132.1 实验巷道工程背景132.2 渗水巷道泥化失稳原因分析152.3 本章小结193 浸水泥岩流变演化规律研究203.1 天然泥岩微观结构测试分析203.2 蒙脱石型泥岩泥化过程模拟253.3 本章小结304渗水巷道泥
