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1、专题十五 短文改错【2015高考考纲解读】高考英语短文改错的文章多采用记叙文, 有时也有应用文和议论文。其篇幅长度为100120个词, 语言材料通常取自学生的作品或类似学生的作品, 话题多涉及学生身边的事情, 文章难易程度符合学生的实际水平, 基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象。一、初读全文, 了解大意。短文改错题的文章较短, 而且大多数文章很容易读懂。通读时应注意文章用什么时态以及前后使用的人称代词。通读的好处是: 读后心中有数, 答题有的放矢。二、逐句认真阅读并改正其中的错误。短文改错中常见的错误类型: 1. 动词形, 名词数。 (1)动词主要包括两类错误, 动词的时态和语态错误, 以及主谓不一致
2、的错误。Then the trouble started. We cannot open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. 很显然此句子主时态是一般过去时, 因此应把cannot改为couldnt。There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening. 原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数, 所以应该把were改为was。 (2)名词主要考查单复数混用。Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy. “年龄多大了
3、”应该为复数形式, 因此应该把year改为years。2. 还要注意形和副。形容词/副词主要考查: 两者之间是否混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词, 该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。(1)副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中: During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually. “与平时相比更忙”, 因此需要把usually改为usual。 (2)形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中: As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the ga
4、me, she began cheering excited, “Come onget going! ”原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时, 她开始兴奋地叫道, 显然应把excited改为excitedly, 用来修饰动词cheer。3. 代词格, 细领悟。代词主要考查: 代词是否多余, 以及与反身代词之间的混用。 (1)代词多余: Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. lose h
5、eart: become discouraged泄气; 丧失勇气; 而lose ones heart to sb. /sth. : fall in love爱上; 钟情于。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。所以应该把your去掉。一字之差, 离题千里。 (2)代词混用: We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 应把them改为us;
6、把the后的other改为others。 (3)代词遗漏: A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 应该在classes前加his, 表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。4. 固定搭配要记住。I have given up smoke. The dog doesnt like the smell. give up doing sth. 是一个固定搭配。因此动词smoke应该改为smoking。5. 非谓语, 细辨别。主要表现在三个方面: 非谓语形式的混淆, 不定式to的遗漏或多用, 非谓语与谓语动词的混淆。I came across a
7、 crew make a new film with one of my favorite actors. 这里make不作谓语, 应该是非谓语的形式, 因此改为making和后面的构成分词短语作后置定语。He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory. 在序数词后面往往使用动词不定式作后置定语, 这里缺少to, 所以在reach前面加to。6. 冠连介要牢记。(1)介词主要考查: 与动词的固定搭配。介词遗漏: Im sure you will get rid the sorrow and
8、 unhappiness caused by the disaster. get rid of是固定搭配, 意思为“摆脱, 除去”。介词多余: My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking. 这里显然是对because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子, 而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。介词用错(一般为固定搭配): I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss. ”pick out应改为pick up。pick out挑选的意思;
9、pick up捡起的意思。(2)连词主要考查: 前后两句话之间的衔接关系。常考三种关系: but转折, and并列, because原因。Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers. 前后句之间是并列关系, 应该把but改为and。(3)冠词主要考查: 句中冠词是否多余。冠词多余: I sat in the front of the TV at 7
10、 oclock, when the game just began. 原文中应该把第一个the去掉。冠词遗漏: As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. at an. . . age固定搭配词组, 表示“处于年龄”。三、改后复读, 纠正失误, 减少差错。做完短文改错后将答案放回原文, 再重读全文, 其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑, 语句不通顺, 不符合英语习惯的问题。改后复读, 可以发现那些在通读与细读中不曾发现的问题或做出的误改。【热点题型】题型一 名词和冠词 例1、 【提分秘籍】
11、 1.指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。2. 冠词a， an和the的用法错误【热点题型】题型二 动词例2、 【提分秘籍】 1.谓语动词主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。 2 非谓语动词（1）非谓语动词细辨别不定式动名词作主语、宾语and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致现在分词和过去分词的区别等 （2）名词动词的修饰词修饰名词、系动词要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、整个句子用副词；比较级和最高级的使用。形容词的ed形式与ing形式【举一反三】【热点题型】题型三 连词例3、Im sorry， and I wont be able to come tonight .【提分秘籍】
12、 连词but，and，or， so和although等的用法错误【举一反三】【热点题型】题型四 代词例4、 【提分秘籍】【热点题型】题型五 从句引导词例5、 【提分秘籍】复合句中从句的关系词或引导词运用是否得当【举一反三】【高考风向标】1、（2014新课标全国卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
13、2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)，不计分。Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden. Since thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits
14、are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbours.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 【答案】 2、（2014陕
15、西卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线()，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrow
