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1、Chapter2InternationalTradeTermsIII. Explainthefollowingterms1.shipmentcontractShipmentcontractisacontractusinganIncotermwhichindicatesthatthedeliveryhappensatthetimeorbeforethetimeofshipment.2.symbolicdeliverySymbolicdeliveryisadeliverysituationinwhichwhenthesellerdeliversthebuyerdoesnotphysicallyre
2、ceivethegoods.Thiskindofdeliveryisprovedbythesubmissionoftransportdocumentbythesellertothebuyer.3.arrivalcontractArrivalcontractmeansacontractusinganIncotermwhichindicatesthatthedeliveryhappenswhenthegoodsarriveatthedestination.4.actualdeliveryActualdeliveryreferstoadeliverysituationinwhichwhenthese
3、llerdeliversthebuyerdoesphysicallyreceivethegoods.IV.Shortquestions1. WhopaysforloadingforshipmentunderFOB?Theseller.2. WhopaysforunloadingunderCIF?Thebuyer.3.CompareandcontrastFOB,CFRandCIF?Similarities:a.Thesellersriskwillbetransferredtothebuyerwhenthegoodsareloadedonboard,b.Thesellerisresponsible
4、forexportcustomsformalitieswhilethebuyerisresponsibleforimportcustomsformalities,c.Thebuyerisresponsible1/33forunloadingthegoodsattheportofdestination,d.Allthreetermscanonlybeusedforwaterwaytransportation.Differences:a.FOBrequiresthebuyertoarrangeandpayfortheoceantransportation;CFRrequiresthesellert
5、oarrangeandpayfortheoceantransportation;CIFrequiresthesellertoarrangeandpayfortheoceantransportationandinsuranceagainstthebuyersrisk.4.Whatarethetwotypesoftradetermsconcerningthetransferofrisks?Shipmentcontracttermsvs.arrivalcontractterms.Undershipmentcontracttermsthesellersriskwillbetransferredtoth
6、ebuyerbeforethegoodsdepartfromtheplace/portofshipment.Underarrivalcontracttermsthesellerwillbeartheriskofthegoodsuntilthegoodsarriveatthedestination.5.WhatarethedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenCPTandCFR?Majorsimilarities:a.Thesellershouldcontractandpayforthemajorcarriage.b.Thesellerisnottakingtheri
7、skoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthetransportation.Difference:a.CPTisapplicabletoanykindoftransportationmodewhileCFRisonlyusedforwaterwaytransport,b.UnderCPTthesellersriskwillbetransferredtothebuyerwhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarriernominatedbytheseller.UnderCFRthesellersriskwillbetransferre
8、dwhenthegoodsareloadedonboardthevessel.6.WhatarethedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenCIPandCIF?Majorsimilarities:a.Thesellershouldcontractandpayforthemajorcarriage.b.Thesellerisnottakingtheriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthetransportation,c.Thesellermustobtaininsuranceagainstthebuyersrisk.Differe
9、nce:a.CPTisapplicabletoanykindoftransportationmodewhileCFRisonlyusedforseawayorinlandwaterwaytransport,b.UnderCPTthesellersriskwillbetransferredtothebuyerwhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrier2/33nominatedbytheseller.UnderCFRthesellersriskwillbetransferredwhenthegoodsareloadedonboardthevessel.7.
10、 IfyoutradewithanAmerican,isthesalescontractsubjecttoIncotermswithoutanydoubt?Whatshouldyoudo?No.TheRevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941isstillinuse,especiallyintheNorthAmericanarea.Ithasdifferentinterpretationaboutsometradeterms.Thetradersshouldclarifythechoiceofrulesbeforeanyfurtherdiscussio
11、n.FOB,CFR&CIF.9. WhoisresponsibleforcarryingoutcustomsformalitiesforexportsunderanFOBcontract?Theseller.AccordingtoIncoterms2010,exceptEXWandDDPthesetwoterms,alltheothereleventermsrequirethesellertohandletheexportcustomsformalities,whilethebuyertheimportcustomsformalities.10.IfaChinesetradersignsanF
12、OBcontract,isheexportingorimporting?Importing.FOBshouldbeusedwithanamedportofshipment,ifistheportofshipment,fromtheChinesetradersperspective,heisimporting.V.Casestudies1. AnFOBcontractstipulatedTheshipmentwillbeeffectedinMarch2011.Whenthegoodswerereadyon10March,thesellercontactedthebuyerforshipmentd
13、etails.ThebuyerfaxedPleasesendthegoodstotheportforloadingon21March.Thevesselwilldeparton22March.Thesellersentthegoodstotheportaccordingly.Howeverthenominatedvesseldidnotturnupandthegoodshadtobestoredinthewarehouseattheport.Onthenightof21Marchafirehappenedinthewarehouseareaandpartofthegoodswasdamaged
14、.Whenthevesselarrivedtwodayslaterthesellerandthebuyerhadanargumentaboutthesettlementoftheloss.Thesellerrequiredthebuyertobearthelosscausedbythefire,butthebuyerbelievedthatthevesselarrivedwithintheshipmentperiodandthelossoccurred3/33beforethesellerdeliveredthegoodsthereforethesellershouldbeartheloss.
15、Pleaseprovideyoursolution.析：1)第一事例中提到货物发生了损失是因为货物寄存在码头库房时期发生火灾造成的。2)卖方之所以会把货物寄存在码头库房是因为买方指定的船只在约准时间没有出现。3)Incoterms2010有规定，买方有向卖方供给正确、实时的装船通知的义务，假如买方没有执行该义务而致使了货物受损，即便两方没有达成交货，买方也要担当有关损失。答案：买方应当担当损失。答题切入点：1)剖析货物受损原由。2)依据20xx年国际贸易术语解说公则买方在供给装运通知方面的义务。3)解说供给装运通知与达成交货风险转移之间的关系。析：1)货物在装运港已经“officiallycertifiedasGradeOne，这就说明货物的质量是合格的，并且是经官方确认的。2)文中提到“duetolongvoyage这说明货物变质的原由是因为运输时间长。答案：No。答题切入点：a货物变质的原由bCFR术语下风险转移的状况。3.UnderaCIFcontract,thegoodshadbeenloadedonboardthevessel
