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1、直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态， 即 把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” Tom
2、said to me that his brother doing his homework. 另外，在过去时的引述动词之后，当转述客观真理或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时， 仍然用一般现在时。The teacher said,light travels much faster than sound. 老师说：“光的传播速度比声音快多了。”The teacher said that light much faster than sound.老师说光的传播速度比声音快多了。时态变化的一般规律：一般现在时 一般过去时； 现在进行时 过去进行时； 一般将来时 过去将来时； 现在完成时
3、过去完成时； 一般过去时 过去完成时 人称的变化。人称变化规则“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。即直接引语中的第一人称改为间接引语时与主句的主语保持一致，直接引语中的第二人称改为间接引语时与主句的宾语保持一致，直接引语中的第三人称改为间接引语时人称不变。 例：He said,“ I like it very much.” He said that liked it very much.主语 第一人称 第三人称 He said to me,“ I broke your CD player.” He told me that had broken CD player.主语 宾语 第一人称 第二人
4、称 3. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he been. He said,“These books are mine.” He said that books his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。 “I want the blue one.” he told us. “
5、我想要兰色的。” 他说。 He told us that he the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。 2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种： (1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如： “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？ The o
6、ld man asked whether I tell the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。 (2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。 He asked me which room I in. 他问我住哪个房间。 (3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or引导。 如： “Is it your bike or Toms? Mum asked. 妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”
7、Mum asked whether/if it my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request， order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如：Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.” 杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。” Jack asked Mary go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 “Dont touch anything.
8、” He said.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。 He told us to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。 4. 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则： 直接引语 间接引语 today that day now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow two days af
9、ter, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that these those come gobring take 随堂练习将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me.He _ me that
10、he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the d
11、ay _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim tha
12、t he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He _
13、 the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news.15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.二改写句子1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” 2She said: “He will be busy.” 3The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 4My father sai
