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1、被动语态的用法一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak English.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如： English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。一般现在时：amisaredone一般过去时：wasweredone一般将来时：willshall bedone过去将来时
2、：would+be+done现在进行时：amisare beingdone过去进行时：was/were being +done现在完成时：havehas beendone三、被动语态的用法1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：1) Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)2) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。2 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： 1) This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
3、2) Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。记忆歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2 把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主 动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：1) All the people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all p
4、eople.2) They make the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are madeby themin the factory.记忆歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。记忆歌诀：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：1) We can repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be repair
5、ed in two days.2) You have to take it away. = It have to be taken away.3) They should do it at once. = It should be done at once.（used to be done, seem to be done, happen to be done, be able to be done）六特殊情况：1.省略to的词组，变被动必须加to。例如：make sb. do sth.-sb. be made to do sth.see sb. do sth.-sb. be seen to
6、do sth.hear sb. do sth.-sb.be heard to do sth.例如：He made me finish the work. I was made to finish the work by me.2双宾语： give sb.sth.(give sth.to sb.)-sb.be given sth.(sth.be given to sb.)buy sb.sth.(buy sth.for sb.)-sb.be bought sth.(sth. be bought forsb.)例如： I gave him a new book. He was given a new
7、 book by me. A new book was given to him by me.3.take place, go by, happen, come true, cost 无被动。 1.Basketball _after school twice a week.A.is played B.will be played C.was played2.A lift _ to go up and down every day.A.is used B.are used C.be used3.Shoes _ in the shop last year. A.was sold B.is sold
8、 C.were sold4.In this game their hands _.A.not be seen B.be not seen C.cant be seen5.These mooncakes _ already by Mary.A.will be eaten B.havent been eaten C.have been eaten6.He _ to the hospital in a few minutes.A.was taken B.is taken C.will be taken7.My birthday cake _yet.A.is made B.has been made
9、C.hasnt been made8.English _ in this school since 1980.A.is taught B.has been taught C.was taught9.The boy _by Ling Feng.A.are looked after B.can be looked after C.were looked after10.These treasures _since many years ago.A.have been kept B.were kept C.are kept11.The garden _ a week ago.A.is tidied
10、B.has been tidied C.was tidied12.He wanted to know if the tickets _ to him tomorrow.A.would be sent B.will be sent C.are sent13.At the crossing, a policeman _often _.seen .seen .seen14.Sometimes they _ play football.A.are seen to B.are seen C.will be seen to15.All the clothes in the shop _.A.is trie
11、d on B.was tried on C.can be tried on1.The worker said that he _ a ladder at once.A.needs B.needed C.was needed D.is needed2.A doctor _for by her last month.A.sent B.were sent C.was sent D.sent3.The doctor _ Edisons mother.A.was saved B.has been saved C.saved D.have saved4.Big pieces of metal _ into
12、 small pieces here every day.A.were cut B.are cut C.is cut D.cut5.A:Where is Jims telephone number?B:It _ on the blackboard already.A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.has been written6.The bag of rice _until it was too late.A.didnt see B.didnt seen C.isnt seen D.wasnt seen7.My English book _. I cant le
13、nd it to you.A.has been lost B.was lost C.has lost D.lost8.A:Have you found the ruler yet? B:Yes, it _ in my bag two days ago.A.has found B.found C.has been found D.was found9.He _ the tree as often as possible.A.is watering B.water C.must water D.must be watered10.A large hole _ before we plant a t
14、ree.A.must dig B.should be dug C.digs D.are dug11.The funny story _ children have a good laugh.A.makes B.make C.is made D.is make12.Can most work _by robots.A.do B.does C.is done D.be done13.Our football team _ at last.A.won B.win C.was won D.will be won14.Our Party _ on July 1, 1921.A.found B.was found C.was founded D.founded15.Many old things _on show in the museum.A.will be seen B.will see C.was seen D.see用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。1.In winter
