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1、Book7 Module5Period 4 Reading and Vocabulary (2)GoalsTo get some idea about the Bai ethnic groupTo draw out useful information from the textProceduresStep 1: Warming up by reading a passage about the Bai ethnic group.Hello, everyone, we have known something about the ancient town of Lijiang and the
2、history of the Naxi ethnic group. Today well go on with our study. Well learn something about the Bai ethnic group.Archaeological finds from Canger and Haimenkou show that the Erhai area was inhabited as early as the Neolithic Age, and artifacts of the period indicate that the people of the region u
3、sed stone tools, engaged in farming, livestock rearing, fishing and hunting, and dwelt in caves. Possibly, they began to use bronze knives and swords and other metal tools about 2,000 years ago.The people in the Erhai area developed closer ties with the Han majority in inland provinces in the Qin an
4、d Han dynasties. In 109 BC the Western Han Dynasty set up county administrations and moved a large number of Han people to this border area. These people brought more advanced production techniques and iron tools, contributing to the economic development of the area. During the Sui and Tang dynastie
5、s, the farming there had reached a level close to that of the central plains.Bai aristocrats backed by the Tang court unified the people of the Erhai area and established the Nanzhao regime of Yis and Bais. Its first chief, Piluoge, was granted the title of King of Yunnan by a Tang emperor.Slaves we
6、re used to do heavy labor; whole “free” peasants were subject to heavy taxation and forced to render various services including conscription into the army. Some of them, who lost their land, were made slaves.The Nanzhao regime lasted for 250 years. During that period of time, while maintaining a goo
7、d relationship with the central government, the rulers cruelly oppressed the slaves and mercilessly plundered other ethnic nationalities through warfare. Productivity was thus seriously harmed. This caused slave rebellions and uprisings. Nanzhaos power came to an end in the year 902. Then a regime b
8、ased on a feudal lord system, known as the Kingdom of Dali, was established. The kingdom adopted a series of measures such as abolishing exorbitant taxes and removing conservative ministers. As a result, social productivity was restored.The kingdom lasted for over 300 years as a tributary to the Son
9、g Dynasty court. It sent warhorses, handicrafts and precious medicines to the court, and in return received science and technology, as well as books in the Han language. Economic and cultural exchanges with the Hans contributed greatly to the development of this border area.The kingdom was conquered
10、 by the Mongols in the 13th century, and the Yuan Dynasty rule was established there. The Mongols designated Yuan a province while establishing Dali and Heqing as prefectures. In order to strengthen their control over Dali, the Yuan rulers offered former chieftains official posts and granted their f
11、amilies hereditary privileges. Though land was mainly concentrated in the hands of the local aristocracy at that time, the feudal lord system began to give way to landlord system.The Ming Dynasty took power from the Yuan rulers in 1381. The Ming court removed local chieftains and replaced them with
12、court officials. This kind of reform resulted in the weakening of the political and economic privileges of the local lords, brought freedom to the slaves and raised the enthusiasm of the peasants for farming. Those Bais and Hans who had emigrated were encouraged to return, while Hans from other area
13、s were persuaded to settle there. This measure accelerated the development of the landlord economy of Bai society.In addition to the continuation of the Ming policy of dispatching officials from the central government, the Qing court also appointed local officials and chieftains to rule over the Bai
14、s. Some Bai people in remote areas still suffered feudal exploitation and oppression at the time of liberation.Step 2: Before you readPlease go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling and then
15、review what we have learnt in the reading.Step 3: While you read1. While you are reading the passage, pay attention to the usage of new words and phrases.2. The following form will help you to understand the text.itemdetailsitemdetailsPopulation2 million and 90% of them live in YunnanStaple foodpork
16、, rice and wheatNative regionthe Erhai region of YunnanArchitecturea style of traditional Chinese architecture, and build halls used as community centresMain cityDaliClothesprefer the colour white, and Bai women wear white and red costumes, while the men wear white shirts and long wide trousersLanguagetheir own dialect and ChineseCulturean opera-combining music and danceBai tea ceremony, in which tea
