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1、从零开始学翻译（1）省略2006-7-5 21:38 【大 中 小】【打印】【我要纠错】【加入收藏】翻译的最终目的是为了让读者了解原作的意思。翻译有两种形式：笔译和口译。翻译的过程是一个由理解到表达的过程。翻译的根本宗旨是翻译意思，而不是再现原文的语言外壳。在翻译过程中，通常的做法是能直译的地方尽量直译，不能直译的地方就采用意译。换言之，能直译尽量直译。做到“忠实”与“通顺”，就可以说达到了翻译的标准。省略 OMISSION1.代词的省略The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her
2、 working life.普通美国人一生中换九到十次工作。2.连词的省略显然，下面两句话里的“and”和“or”都没有必要译出来。They have courage and do not give in easily.他们有勇气，不轻易屈服。Foreigners sometimes complain， however， that they have little interest in or knowledge of the outside world.然而，外国人却有时报怨说，他们对外部世界漠不关心，一无所知。3.冠词的省略英语有冠词，汉语没有。在英译汉过程中，不定冠词（a， an）除了表
3、示“一”这个数量概念时需要译出之外，其他情况下往往省略不译。They have a wide knowledge of everyday things， and a keen interest in their particular city and state.他们对日常事情所知甚广，对所在的城市和州深为关切。定冠词 the 在英译汉时，如果名词前不加“这、该、那个”就能清楚地表达意思，那么，the就可以省略不译。The individual American is generous， but the American nation is hard.美国人作为个人是慷慨的，但美国人作为一个民
4、族则是吝啬的。4.介词的省略有些表示时间的介词不必译出。In 1988， Mikhai Gorbachev gave and important speech to the U.N. General Assembly.1988年，米哈伊尔 戈尔巴乔夫在联大作了一次重要演讲。有些表示地点的介词可以省译。Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不准吸烟。练习1. They pride themselves on their independence， their right to make up their own minds.2. He is a b
5、ig eater and a good sleeper.3. Ever since radio first came to life， there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.4.Many office buildings have been put up in Pudong Area.从零开始学翻译（2）词类转化2006-7-5 21:38 【大 中 小】【打印】【我要纠错】【加入收藏】词类转译是表达的需要，转译得当可以摆脱原句的束缚，使译文自然顺畅。一、名词的词类转化（一）名词译成动
6、词英语中具有动作意义或动词转化而来的名词可转译成汉语动词。1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的声音，令我特别神往。2. It is man who plays the leading role in the application of electronic computers.在使用电子计算机时，起主要作用的是人。3. Coco is a good singer.Coco歌唱得很好。（二）名词译成形容词1. Independent thinking is
7、 an absolute necessity in study.独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。2. That plane is a success.那项计划是成功的。（三）名词译成副词1. It is our pleasure to note that China has made great progess in economy.我们高兴地看到，中国的经济已经有了很大的发展。二、动词的词类转化动词译成名词英语中有些动词的概念很难直接用汉语的动词来表达，这时可将这类动词转译成名词。1. Neutrons act differently from protons.中子的作用不同于质子。2. He
8、presonified the evil that was in the world.他是世上一切邪恶的化身。3. We can house you if the hotels are full.如果旅馆都客满了，我们可以给你提供住处。三、形容词的词类转化（一）形容词译成名词1. He was eloquent and elegant.他有口才，有风度。2. Ice is not as dense as water.冰的密度比水小。试比较：冰不如水稠密。（二）形容词译成动词可译成汉语动词的英语形容词大多是表达知觉、情感和欲望的形容词。1. I am sure they will win the
9、 basketball game.我相信他们将打赢这场篮球赛。2. The couple is fond of modern music.这对夫妇喜欢现代音乐。3. When metals are cut， the shining surface is visible， but it turns grey almost immediately.切割金属时，可以看到光亮的表面，但是立刻就变成了灰色。试比较：切割金属时，光亮的表面是可见的，但是立刻就变成了灰色。三、副词的词类转化（一）副词译成名词He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但智力正
10、常。（二）副词译成动词可译成汉语动词的英语副词大多是跟随在系动词后作表语用的副词，以及复合宾语补足语用的副词。1. The meeting was over and they all went home.会议结束后，他们都回家了。Open the door and let me in， please.请开门让我进来。I must be away， the time is up.我该离开了，时间已经到了。（三）副词译成形容词On this question， people of different age groups think differently.关于这个问题，不同年龄组的人有不同的想法
11、。The film impressed me deeply.这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。四、介词的词类转化介词译成动词可转译成汉语动词的英语介词一般以含有动作意义的介词为多。1. She is against smoking and drinking.她反对抽烟和喝酒。2. You cant imagine how angry he was at the news.你想像不出他听到这个消息时是多么生气。练习1. In spite of the growth of other kinds of transport， railroads continue to be the backbone o
12、f the transportation industry.2.The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball.3.Neither gold nor stone are soluble in water.4.They went out after new mineral resources.x从零开始学翻译（3）选择正确的词义2006-7-5 21:38 【大 中 小】【打印】【我要纠错】【加入收藏】英语中，一个单词有多种意义是普遍的现象，也是翻译的难点。多多巫会不定期地把学习过程中遇到的具有典型意义的这类单词都整理出来，和大家分享，希望能对你
13、有所帮助：）1. canIt can be pretty cold in shanghai， even in early spring.即使是早春，上海有时候仍然会相当冷。这里的“can”，不是“可以”、“能够”的意思，而是作“有时会”解，表示偶然发生的可能性。“can”的这种用法常与表示频率、时间的状语连用。2. companyDont yawn in company.别在客人面前打呵欠。“company”的意思是“社交场合”、“客人面前”。“company”还常作“伙伴”、“朋友”和“交往”解。Dont judge a man by the company he keeps.不要以其所交朋
14、友断定其为人。I enyoy your company.我乐于与你交往。3. market“market”做动词时意思为“宣传”、“推销”、“出售”。Youve got to learn how to market yourself in this world.在这个世界上，你必须学会如何自我推销。4. reallyHe looks a fool， but he is really clever.他看上去呆头呆脑，实际上很聪明。5. represent“represent”用在绘画、塑像等艺术作品时，常作“描绘和表现形象”讲。The painting represents a storm at sea.这幅画描绘的是一场海上风暴。6. settle“settle”还有“支付，结算”的意思。We still have that telephone bill to settle.我们还有那笔电话费要付。7. manageThe ground crew of the airline regularly managed to lose luggage.这家航空公司的地勤人员老是做出丢失行李的事来。“manage”这里含有讽刺的意思，有“竟然会这么做”、“竟然做
