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1、被动语态详解与练习英语动词有两种语态：主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。We planted the tree.B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。The tree was planted by us.当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us y
2、esterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态)（1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。The dictionary is well kept.这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。These book were found in the 1920s.这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现） 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词一般现在
3、时： am / is / are done一般过去时： was / were done现在进行时： am / is / are being done过去进行时： was / were being done现在完成时： have / has been done过去完成时： had been done一般将来时： shall/will be done ; be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe done2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连
4、系动词时一样。如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;3.主动语态
5、中的主语变为介词by的宾语。主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语.Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is + 过去分词1. People play football all over the world.2
6、. Mr. Green teaches us this term.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Two years ago we used the machines to make shoes for children.一般将来时的被动语态：will / be going to + be + 过去分词6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.情态动词的被动语态：must/hav
7、e to/can等 + be + 过去分词8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to finish our homework on time.练习1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.3.
8、 We found the ticket on the floor ._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.7. Did you
9、plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to
10、turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.14.The students in this school study
11、German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?四几种值得注意的被动语态变化1. 带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.类似的动词还有watc
12、h/let/have/hear/see/notice（2）一些特殊结构的被动结构: 1）感觉动词(hear, see等)改被动语态2）使役动词(let, make等)改被动语态如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree.12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.14He makes
13、 her horse work all day.Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic.口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch)help sb (to) V be helped to v. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. (2) see sb. doing
14、 sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.三，带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加 to或for.n My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =A new bike was bought for me by my mother.n Jack has given Tom a boo
