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1、2021专四语法词汇分类练习(有详解)非谓语动词：1. No one can understand _a decision until it is too late to do so.A.him to postpone to makeB.him to postpone makingC.his postponing to makeD.his postponing making【D】本题测试动词的非谓语形式。由题句得知understand后应跟动名词（短语）作宾语，故排除A、B项。选择项中postpone（推迟）要求后跟动名词作宾语，因此D为正确选项。2.This crop has similar
2、 qualities to the previous one, _both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.A.beingB.beenC.to beD.having been【A】测试非谓语动词的用法。A) being的逻辑主语是this crop, 分词在句中作状语。译文这种农作物和先前的那种农作物特性相似，抗倒伏，并且适应同类土壤。3. _as the most outstanding student on the campus made her parents very happy.A.Marys choosingB
3、.Mary being chosenC.Marys being chosenD.Mary having been chosen【C】本题考点为非谓语动词前加物主代词或名词所有格构成。本句中名词所有格是Marys。另外，因为动名词逻辑上的主语Mary是动作chose的承受者，所以须用被动语态，正确答案为C项。4. _from the sky, the park looks very beautiful.A.SeeingB.SeeC.To seeD.Seen【D】独立主格成分。5. _the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat sur
4、prising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A.To giveB.GivenC.GivingD.Having given【B】根据逗号前后两部分之间的关系，空格中应填入表示“考虑到”之类的词，因此，B) Given 是正确答案。given已经转化成为介词，意思是“考虑到，如果有”。选项A) To give, C) Giving和D) Having given都是give的非谓语动词形式，不适用于本题。译文考虑到德国经济很强大这一说法，德国经济相对弱小的实际情况有些让人吃惊。6. What did you hear la
5、st night 1, I seemed _someone knock at the door A.hearB.to have heardC.to hearD.having heard【B】动词不定式的完成形式作宾语，表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。7. _, they went hunting together.A.The snow having stoppedB.The snow being stoppedC.The snow stoppedD.Having stopped【A】独立主格结构；若选C项，两个小句之间应有连词。8. It is believed that today
6、s pop music can serve as a creative force _stimulating the thinking of its listeners.A.byB.withC.atD.on【A】此题测试“介词+ 动名词”的用法。“by + 动名词”意为“通过方式，用方法”，符合题意要求，因此A) by是正确答案。B) witii和C) at没有此类固定用法，须跟一定的动词或形容词连用。“on + 动名词”相当于“as soon as + 主语+ 谓语动词”，意为“一就”，与句意不符，所以选项D) on不对。【译文】人们认为现代流行音乐能激励听众去思考问题，因而可看作是一种创造
7、力。9. All flights_because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A.having canceledB.having been canceledC.were canceledD.have been canceled【B】本题测试独立主格结构。题中的逻辑主语与分词动作是被动关系，因此分词用被动态；分词动作发生在谓语动词decided动作之前，因此分词用完成式。译文所有的航班都因暴风雪而取消，于是他们决定乘火车。10. There was nothing they could do but _. .A.waitB.waiti
8、ngC.waitedD.to waiting【A】此题考点为非谓语动词形式。在do nothing but后面，可以跟不带to的不定式。虚拟语气1. Had the weather been good, the children _ out for a walk.A. had goneB. could have goneC. would goD. Went（答案：B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。）（2021年57题）2. The generals command was that the soldiers _ thei
9、r fort and carry out more important task.A. would leaveB. LeaveC. LeftD. have left某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，这些动词或名词包括：suggest （suggestion）,propose（proposal）,advise （advice）demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。（答案：B）（2021年
10、49题）3.He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. KnowsB. KnewC. had knownD. would have know（正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。）（1998年45题）4.Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up（
11、答案为B。在It is （high）time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。）（1999年31题）5.I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. ComeB. would comeC. CameD. have come（答案：C。would rather 后面的从句中，动词用过去式。）6.Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week.A. ComesB. will comC. ComeD.
12、may come（答案：C 在It is desired （或desirable）, It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。）（1997年29题）7.It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delayA. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in 2021.60题考查的是虚拟语气。“It + be +a. +that ”从句，that引导的主语从句谓语动词常用should +动词原形。用于该句型的形容词有necessary,
13、good, important，right，wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。8.If there were no subjunctive mood ,English_ much easier to learn.A. could have seenB. would beC. will beD. would have been本体表示与现在事实相反的假设。表示与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去式，主句使用should (would) + 动词原形。A项could have been 是对过去事实的假设、与从句所
14、表示的现在事实不符合；C项will 不用于虚拟语气中；D项是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式(答案：B 2021.52题)9.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam , she _ much better results now.A.Would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. Would get条件句与过去事实相反，虽然主句的时间副词为now，但事实上该成绩已经出来，故用could have got. 而不是would get. (答案：B 2021.52题）10.If only the
15、patient_ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receivingif only 常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，主要用在虚拟语气中。由于所提事实与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成时。（答案：A 2021.54题）情态动词：1. She _fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.A. had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have been【答案】D【解析】情态动词must表示很有
